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CMOS inverter (a NOT logic gate). Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS, / ˈ s iː m ɒ s /, also US: /-ɔː s / [1]) is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process that uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions. [2]
A translinear circuit is a circuit that carries out its function using the translinear principle. These are current-mode circuits that can be made using transistors that obey an exponential current-voltage characteristic—this includes bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and CMOS transistors in weak inversion.
In high performance CMOS (complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) amplifier circuits, transistors are not only used to amplify the signal but are also used as active loads to achieve higher gain and output swing in comparison with resistive loads. [1] [2] [3] CMOS technology was introduced primarily for digital circuit design.
In NMOS logic, the lower half of the CMOS circuit is used in combination with a load device or pull-up transistor (typically a depletion load or a dynamic load). AOI gates are similarly efficient in transistor–transistor logic (TTL). Examples. CMOS 4000-series logic family: CD4085B = dual 2-2 AOI gate [3] CD4086B = single expandable 2-2-2-2 ...
Schematic of two stages of CMOS inverter, showing input and output voltage-time plots. I on and I off (along with I DG, I SD and I DB components) indicate technologically controlled factors. Credit: Prof. Robert Dutton in CRC Electronic Design Automation for IC Handbook, Vol II, Chapter 25, by permission.
When the Wilson current mirror is used in CMOS circuits, it is usually in the four transistor form as in Fig. 5. [10] If the transistor pairs M1/M2 and M3/M4 are exactly matched and the input and output potentials are approximately equal, then in principle there is no static error, the input and output currents are equal because there is no low ...
The dynamic (switching) power consumption of CMOS circuits is proportional to frequency. [8] Historically, the transistor power reduction afforded by Dennard scaling allowed manufacturers to drastically raise clock frequencies from one generation to the next without significantly increasing overall circuit power consumption.
For example, the input signal of a transistor would be denoted as . For example, one might say that v i n ( t ) = 0.2 cos ( 2 π t ) {\displaystyle v_{\mathrm {in} }(t)=0.2\cos(2\pi t)} . Total quantities, combining both small-signal and large-signal quantities, are denoted using lower case letters and uppercase subscripts.