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A hip fracture is a break that occurs in the upper part of the femur (thigh bone), at the femoral neck or (rarely) the femoral head. [2] Symptoms may include pain around the hip, particularly with movement, and shortening of the leg. [2] Usually the person cannot walk. [3] A hip fracture is usually a femoral neck fracture.
Internal rotation – with knee and hip both flexed at 90 degrees the ankle is abducted. External rotation – with knee and hip both flexed at 90 degrees the ankle is adducted. (also done with the Patrick's test / FABER test) Flexion (also known as the Gaenslen's test) Extension – done with the patient on their side.
Coxa vara is a deformity of the hip, whereby the angle between the head and the shaft of the femur is reduced to less than 120 degrees. This results in the leg being shortened and the development of a limp. It may be congenital and is commonly caused by injury, such as a fracture.
The lateral rotator group is a group of six small muscles of the hip which all externally (laterally) rotate the femur in the hip joint. It consists of the following muscles: piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris and the obturator externus. [1]
However, in the patient with a normal hip joint, a positive test is a good indicator of psoas hypertonicity. [2] Other signs from the Thomas test: opposite/ contralateral hip flexes without knee extension- tight iliopsoas; hip abducts during the test- tight tensor fasciae latae; knee extension occurs- tight rectus femoris
X-ray of Femoral Osteotomy hardware to correct femoral rotation caused by hip dysplasia. X-ray of the right hip in female patient in early thirties. Two main types of osteotomies are used in the correction of hip dysplasias and deformities to improve alignment/interaction of acetabulum – (socket) – and femoral head – (ball), innominate osteotomies and femoral osteotomies.
of thigh/femur at hip [2] Gluteus maximus; Lateral rotator group. piriformis; gemellus superior; obturator internus; pectineus ; gemellus inferior; obturator externus; quadratus femoris; Sartorius; of leg at knee [3] Biceps femoris; of eyeball (motion is also called "extorsion" or excyclotorsion) [4] Inferior rectus muscle; Inferior oblique muscle
External rotation and extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee through the iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting and abduction of the hip: Antagonist: Iliacus, psoas major and psoas minor: Identifiers; Latin: musculus glutaeus maximus: TA98: A04.7.02.006: TA2: 2598: FMA: 22314: Anatomical terms of muscle
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