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  2. Flesch–Kincaid readability tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FleschKincaid...

    "The FleschKincaid" (F–K) reading grade level was developed under contract to the U.S. Navy in 1975 by J. Peter Kincaid and his team. [1] Related U.S. Navy research directed by Kincaid delved into high-tech education (for example, the electronic authoring and delivery of technical information), [2] usefulness of the FleschKincaid readability formula, [3] computer aids for editing tests ...

  3. Automated readability index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_readability_index

    The automated readability index (ARI) is a readability test for English texts, designed to gauge the understandability of a text. Like the FleschKincaid grade level, Gunning fog index, SMOG index, Fry readability formula, and Coleman–Liau index, it produces an approximate representation of the US grade level needed to comprehend the text.

  4. Readability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Readability

    Readability is the ease with which a reader can understand a written text.The concept exists in both natural language and programming languages though in different forms. In natural language, the readability of text depends on its content (the complexity of its vocabulary and syntax) and its presentation (such as typographic aspects that affect legibility, like font size, line height ...

  5. Coleman–Liau index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleman–Liau_index

    The Coleman–Liau index is a readability test designed by Meri Coleman and T. L. Liau to gauge the understandability of a text. Like the FleschKincaid Grade Level, Gunning fog index, SMOG index, and Automated Readability Index, its output approximates the U.S. grade level thought necessary to comprehend the text.

  6. Dale–Chall readability formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale–Chall_readability...

    The formula was inspired by Rudolf Flesch's FleschKincaid readability test which used word-length to determine how difficult a word was for readers to understand. [1] Edgar Dale and Jeanne Chall instead used a list of 769 words that 80% of fourth-grade students were familiar with, such as "no", "yes", and other such very basic words to ...

  7. Donald Trump speaks at a fourth-grade level, the lowest of ...

    www.aol.com/news/donald-trump-speaks-fourth...

    The analysis looked at the first 30,000 words each president spoke in office and ranked each of the presidents' speech -- going back to Herbert Hoover -- using the Flesch-Kincaid grade level scale ...

  8. NYT ‘Connections’ Hints and Answers Today, Friday, December 13

    www.aol.com/nyt-connections-hints-answers-today...

    We mean it. Read no further until you really want some clues or you've completely given up and want the answers ASAP. Get ready for all of today's NYT 'Connections’ hints and answers for #551 on ...

  9. Flesch–Kincaid grade level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=FleschKincaid_grade...

    Pages for logged out editors learn more. Contributions; Talk; FleschKincaid grade level