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An interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) is a gene that can be expressed in response to stimulation by interferon. [1] [2] Interferons bind to receptors on the surface of a cell, initiating protein signaling pathways within the cell. This interaction leads to the expression of a subset of genes involved in the innate immune system response. [1]
Interferome is an online bioinformatics database of interferon-regulated genes (IRGs). [1] These Interferon Regulated Genes are also known as Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs). The database contains information on type I (IFN alpha, beta), type II (IFN gamma) and type III (IFN lambda) regulated genes and is regularly updated.
This induces hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes to be expressed. This leads to antiviral protein production, such as protein kinase R, which inhibits viral protein synthesis, or the 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase family, which degrades viral RNA. [27] Some viruses evade this by producing molecules that interfere with IFN production.
ISG15 was originally identified in the late 1970s as a 15-kDa protein produced in response to type I interferon, a potent class of antiviral cytokines. [19] Given the molecular weight, it was originally termed "a 15-kDa protein", but later renamed interferon-stimulated-gene-15 when the cassette of interferon-stimulated genes were recognized.
An image of multiple chromosomes, taken from many cells. Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. [1] [2] It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.
Interferon regulatory factors (IRF) are proteins which regulate transcription of interferons (see regulation of gene expression). [1] Interferon regulatory factors contain a conserved N-terminal region of about 120 amino acids, which folds into a structure that binds specifically to the IRF-element (IRF-E) motifs, which is located upstream of the interferon genes. [2]
Early diverging land plant: Ceratodon purpureus: Bryophytes: Early diverging land plant: Fontinalis antipyretica (greater water-moss) Bryophytes: Aquatic moss 385.2 Mbp 16,538 BGI: 2020 [1] BGISEQ-500 & 10X, scaffold N50 45.8 Kbp Marchantia polymorpha: Bryophytes: Early diverging land plant 225.8 Mb 19,138 2017 [2] Physcomitrella patens ssp ...
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), also known as transmembrane protein 173 (TMEM173) and MPYS/MITA/ERIS is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STING1 gene. [ 5 ] STING plays an important role in innate immunity .