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A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol p, H +, or 1 H + with a positive electric charge of +1 e (elementary charge).Its mass is slightly less than the mass of a neutron and approximately 1836 times the mass of an electron (the proton-to-electron mass ratio).
The elementary charge, usually denoted by e, is a fundamental physical constant, defined as the electric charge carried by a single proton (+ 1e) or, equivalently, the magnitude of the negative electric charge carried by a single electron, which has charge −1 e.
The constants listed here are known values of physical constants expressed in SI units; that is, physical quantities that are generally believed to be universal in nature and thus are independent of the unit system in which they are measured.
This blends particle physics with field theory. Even among particle physicists, the exact definition of a particle has diverse descriptions. These professional attempts at the definition of a particle include: [7] A particle is a collapsed wave function; A particle is a quantum excitation of a field
Q is for quantum: an encyclopedia of particle physics. New York, NY: Free Press. ISBN 978-0-684-85578-3. Oerter, Robert (2006). The theory of almost everything: the Standard Model, the unsung triumph of modern physics. New York, NY: Pi Press. ISBN 978-0-452-28786-0. Schumm, Bruce A. (2004). Deep down things: the breathtaking beauty of particle ...
An explanation of the superscripts and subscripts seen in atomic number notation. Atomic number is the number of protons, and therefore also the total positive charge, in the atomic nucleus. The atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the charge number of its atomic nucleus.
The two parties had assigned the discovered meson two different symbols, J and ψ; thus, it became formally known as the J/ψ meson. The discovery finally convinced the physics community of the quark model's validity. [35] In the following years a number of suggestions appeared for extending the quark model to six quarks.
In this definition, there is a critical pressure and an associated critical density, and when nuclear matter (made of protons and neutrons) is compressed beyond this density, the protons and neutrons dissociate into quarks, yielding quark matter (probably strange matter).