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Argyll Robertson pupils were named after Douglas Argyll Robertson (1837–1909), a Scottish ophthalmologist and surgeon who described the condition in the mid-1860s in the context of neurosyphilis. In the early 20th century, William John Adie described a second type of pupil that could "accommodate but not react".
accommodative iridoplegia- Noncontraction of pupils during accommodation. complete iridoplegia- Iris fails to respond to any stimulation. reflex iridoplegia- The absence of light reflex, with retention of accommodation reflex. Also called Argyll Robertson pupil.
Douglas Moray Cooper Lamb Argyll Robertson FRSE, FRCSEd LLD (1837 – 3 January 1909) was a Scottish ophthalmologist and surgeon. He introduced physostigmine into ophthalmic practice and the Argyll Robertson pupil is named after him. He was president of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. [1]
The constellation includes Argyll Robertson pupil, ataxic wide-based gait, paresthesias, bowel or bladder incontinence, loss of position and vibratory sense, loss of deep pain and temperature sensation, acute episodic gastrointestinal pain, Charcot joints, and general paresis.
Both tabes dorsalis and general paresis may present with Argyll Robertson pupil which are pupils that constrict when the person focuses on near objects (accommodation reflex) but do not constrict when exposed to bright light (pupillary reflex).
Parinaud's syndrome is a cluster of abnormalities of eye movement and pupil dysfunction, characterized by: Paralysis of upwards gaze: Downward gaze is usually preserved. This vertical palsy is supranuclear , so doll's head maneuver should elevate the eyes, but eventually all upward gaze mechanisms fail.
Robert Marcus Gunn (1850, Dunnet – 29 November 1909, Hindhead) was a Scottish ophthalmologist remembered for Gunn's sign and the Marcus Gunn pupil. Early life and education [ edit ]
Nerves involved in the resizing of the pupil connect to the pretectal nucleus of the high midbrain, bypassing the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex. From the pretectal nucleus neurons send axons to neurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus whose visceromotor axons run along both the left and right oculomotor nerves .