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The falls divide the river into the upper and lower Iguazu. The Iguazu River rises near the heart of the city of Curitiba. For most of its course, the river flows through Brazil; however, most of the falls are on the Argentine side. Below its confluence with the San Antonio River, the Iguazu River forms the border between Argentina and Brazil.
About 100 fish species are native to the Iguazu River, and several undescribed species are known. [10] [11] Most fish species in the river are catfish, characiforms and cichlids. [11] [12] About 70% are endemic, which to a large extent is linked to the falls, serving both as a home for rheophilic species and isolating species above and below.
The park was created in 1934 to protect one of the greatest natural beauties of Argentina, the Iguazu Falls, surrounded by the subtropical jungle. The Iguazú National Reserve was defined by law 18.801 of 7 October 1970 as constituting the western part of the Iguazú National Park. [1]
The Falls of Iguazú, on the border between Brazil and Argentina, registered a flow of 3.8 million gallons of water per second on Oct. 12, due to heavy rainfall in the area.
The river estuary is located 18 km downriver from the Falls, where it flows into the Paraná river. This meeting of rivers forms the triple Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay border. Fishing regulations were published on 2 October 2008, covering conservation areas and their buffer zones in the Paraná River basin.
The island spans the 3 levels that form the falls, but only the lower and middle levels are open to visitors. The island can only be reached in small boats, unless the river is below the minimum level. Once on the island, one must climb 190 steps through three different pathways that lead to a balcony with panoramic views. [2]