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Grapes being trodden to extract the juice and made into wine in storage jars. Tomb of Nakht, 18th dynasty, Thebes, Ancient Egypt. Sourdough starter. In food processing, fermentation is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—without an oxidizing agent being used in the reaction.
Tibicos water crystals made with Muscovado. This is a list of fermented foods, which are foods produced or preserved by the action of microorganisms.In this context, fermentation typically refers to the fermentation of sugar to alcohol using yeast, but other fermentation processes involve the use of bacteria such as lactobacillus, including the making of foods such as yogurt and sauerkraut.
This definition distinguishes fermentation from aerobic respiration, where oxygen is the acceptor and types of anaerobic respiration, where an inorganic species is the acceptor. [citation needed] Fermentation had been defined differently in the past. In 1876, Louis Pasteur described it as "la vie sans air" (life without air). [7]
Bottle fermentation is a method of sparkling wine production, originating in the Champagne region where after the cuvee has gone through a primary yeast fermentation the wine is then bottled and goes through a secondary fermentation where sugar and additional yeast known as liqueur de tirage is added to the wine. This secondary fermentation is ...
Mirin (味醂 or みりん, Japanese:) is a type of rice wine and a common ingredient in Japanese cooking. It is similar to sake but with a lower alcohol content and higher sugar content. [1] The sugar content is a complex carbohydrate that forms naturally during the fermentation process; no sugars are added. The alcohol content is further ...
Compounds formed in wine either during fermentation or the wine's aging development that contribute to a wine's aroma. Estufagem Portuguese term for the process where Madeira is heated in estufas (ovens) and then cooled to create the unique flavors and texture of the wine. Ethanoic acid Another name for acetic acid Ethanol Also known as "ethyl ...
Carbonic maceration is a winemaking technique, often associated with the French wine region of Beaujolais, in which whole grapes are fermented in a carbon dioxide rich environment before crushing. Conventional alcoholic fermentation involves crushing the grapes to free the juice and pulp from the skin with yeast serving to convert sugar into ...
Cabernet Sauvignon musts interact with the skins during fermentation to add color, tannins and flavor to the wine. Most red wine grapes have their color concentrated in the skin, while the juice is much lighter in color. The duration of contact between the crushed grape skins and their juice impacts the final color and flavor profile.