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Zoning is a law that divides a jurisdiction's land into districts, or zones, and limits how land in each district can be used. [1] [2] In the United States, zoning includes various land use laws enforced through the police power rights of state governments and local governments to exercise authority over privately owned real property. [3]
A Standard State Zoning Enabling Act" (SZEA) was a model law for U.S. states to enable zoning regulations in their jurisdictions. It was drafted by a committee of the Department of Commerce and first issued in 1922. This act was one of the foundational developments in land use planning in the United States.
Midtown Manhattan in 1932, showing the results of the Zoning Resolution: skyscrapers with setbacks Graph of the 1916 New York City zoning ordinance with an example elevation for an 80-foot street in a 2½-times height district. The 1916 Zoning Resolution in New York City was the first citywide zoning code in the United States. The zoning ...
The urban sprawl that most US cities began to experience in the mid-twentieth century was, in part, created by a flat approach to land use regulations. Zoning without planning created unnecessarily exclusive zones. Thoughtless mapping of these zones over large areas was a big part of the recipe for suburban sprawl. [4]
In 1682, William Penn founded Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, planning it as a city to serve as a port on the Delaware River and as a place for government.Hoping that Philadelphia would become more like an English rural town instead of a city, Penn laid out roads on a grid plan to keep houses and businesses spread far apart, with areas for gardens and orchards.
Single-family zoning is a type of planning restriction applied to certain residential zones in the United States and Canada in order to restrict development to only allow single-family detached homes. It disallows townhomes, duplexes, and multifamily housing (apartments) from being built on any plot of land with this zoning designation. [1] [2]
Modern zoning legislation and other tools such as compulsory purchase and land readjustment, [30] which enabled planners to legally demarcate sections of cities for different functions or determine the shape and depth of urban blocks, originated in Prussia, and spread to Britain, the US, and Scandinavia. [31]
Ambler Realty owned 68 acres (0.28 km 2) of land in the village of Euclid, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland.The village, in an attempt to prevent industrial Cleveland from growing into and subsuming Euclid and prevent the growth of industry which might change the character of the village, developed a zoning ordinance based upon six classes of use, three classes of height and four classes of area.