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They openly employed anti-Mongol and anti-dynastic slogans including "Defeat the Qing and wipe of the Mongols" (平 清 掃 胡) and "Kill Mongols in revenge" (仇 殺 蒙 古). [45] The Jindandao devastated Mongol communities in the southeastern borderland and forced many Mongols to take refuge in northern banners. [45]
Cum non solum was a letter written by Pope Innocent IV to the Mongols on March 13, 1245. In it, Pope Innocent appeals to the Mongols to desist from attacking Christians and other nations, and inquires as to the Mongols' future intentions. [1]
The Genoese and Venetian slave trades established in the Black Sea ports in parallel with the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' and were flooded with slaves when the Mongols used the Italian slave traders in the Black Sea ports to dispose of war captives from the Russian campaign, and the Mongols established a long-term collaboration with the ...
The Mongol-American Cultural Association (MACA) was created to preserve and promote Mongol culture in the United States. MACA understands the term Mongol to be inclusive of the people and cultures of all regions where Mongol groups have traditionally lived; in addition to Mongolia, it includes the people and cultures of Kalmykia , Buryatia ...
[24] [25] For example, there is a noticeable lack of Chinese literature from the Jin dynasty, predating the Mongol conquest, and in the Siege of Baghdad (1258), libraries, books, literature, and hospitals were burned: some of the books were thrown into the river in quantities sufficient to turn the Tigris black with ink for several months ...
Cavazos was raised by his father in Highland Park, Los Angeles, California and joined the Avenues, a Mexican American street gang, at an early age before serving time in county jail. [2] He has a license to work as a radiology technician, hence the nickname "Doc". [3] He later became a member of the Mongols and is one of the gang's most ...
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[4] [5] The Qara Khitai were weakened by events on their eastern frontier: Genghis Khan had begun to establish hegemony over the Mongol tribes, causing great instability in the region. [6] Kuchlug , a Naiman prince who had been defeated by the Mongols , managed to usurp the Qara Khitai throne in 1211, and Muhammad took advantage of the anarchy ...