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In electrochemistry, the Nernst equation is a chemical thermodynamical relationship that permits the calculation of the reduction potential of a reaction (half-cell or full cell reaction) from the standard electrode potential, absolute temperature, the number of electrons involved in the redox reaction, and activities (often approximated by concentrations) of the chemical species undergoing ...
at constant temperature and pressure, the thermodynamic voltage (minimum voltage required to drive the reaction) is given by the Nernst equation: = = where is the Gibbs energy and F is the Faraday constant. The standard thermodynamic voltage (i.e. at standard temperature and pressure) is given by:
Distribution law or the Nernst's distribution law [1] [2] [better source needed] gives a generalisation which governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law was first given by Nernst who studied the distribution of several solutes between different appropriate pairs of solvents.
The above equation is a modern statement of the theorem. Nernst often used a form that avoided the concept of entropy. [1] Graph of energies at low temperatures. Another way of looking at the theorem is to start with the definition of the Gibbs free energy (G), G = H - TS, where H stands for enthalpy.
In physics and chemistry, the Nernst effect (also termed the first Nernst–Ettingshausen effect, after Walther Nernst and Albert von Ettingshausen) is a thermoelectric (or thermomagnetic) phenomenon observed when a sample allowing electrical conduction is subjected to a magnetic field and a temperature gradient normal (perpendicular) to each ...
The concentration gradient, in turn, is affected by the concentration of species at the electrode, and how fast the species can diffuse through solution. By changing the cell voltage, the concentration of the species at the electrode surface is also changed, as set by the Nernst equation. Therefore, a faster voltage sweep causes a larger ...
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Nernst/Goldman Equation Simulator Archived 2010-08-08 at the Wayback Machine; Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Equation Calculator; Nernst/Goldman interactive Java applet The membrane voltage is calculated interactively as the number of ions are changed between the inside and outside of the cell. Potential, Impedance, and Rectification in Membranes by ...