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Even if the SPF and DKIM validation fail, the receiving service can choose to validate the ARC chain. If it indicates that the original message passed the SPF and DKIM checks, and the only modifications were made by intermediaries trusted by the receiving service, the receiving service may choose to accept the email.
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The Markup Validation Service is a validator by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) that allows Internet users to check pre-HTML5 HTML and XHTML documents for well-formed markup against a document type definition (DTD). Markup validation is an important step towards ensuring the technical quality of web pages.
The W3C is the main international standards organization for the internet— they provide the W3C Markup Validation Service. Simply copy the full URL of the page to be validated and paste in into the validator. There is also a favelet that you can add to your browser bookmarks that will validate the current page.
Forward Confirmed reverse DNS validation; GeoIP reporting and optional filtering; Detection of remote Operating System; Header validation: make sure required headers are present, singular headers are not duplicated, and values are credible. URIBL lookups of senders IP, helo hostname, envelope sender, and message contents
Email authentication, or validation, is a collection of techniques aimed at providing verifiable information about the origin of email messages by validating the domain ownership of any message transfer agents (MTA) who participated in transferring and possibly modifying a message.
Hashcash is a proof-of-work system used to limit email spam and denial-of-service attacks.Hashcash was proposed in 1997 by Adam Back [1] and described more formally in Back's 2002 paper "Hashcash – A Denial of Service Counter-Measure". [2]
Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is an email authentication method which ensures the sending mail server is authorized to originate mail from the email sender's domain. [1] [2] This authentication only applies to the email sender listed in the "envelope from" field during the initial SMTP connection.