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The service ceiling is the maximum altitude of an aircraft during normal operations. Specifically, it is the density altitude at which flying in a clean configuration , at the best rate of climb airspeed for that altitude and with all engines operating and producing maximum continuous power, will produce a given rate of climb.
In aerodynamics, the flight envelope, service envelope, or performance envelope of an aircraft or spacecraft refers to the capabilities of a design in terms of airspeed and load factor or atmospheric density, often simplified to altitude. [1] [2] The term is somewhat loosely applied, and can also refer to other measurements such as maneuverability.
Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft, 1988–1989 General characteristics Crew: 2 Capacity: 19 passengers Length: 47 ft 1.75 in (14.3701 m) Wingspan: 52 ft 0 in (15.85 m) Height: 17 ft 5.5 in (5.321 m) Wing area: 271 sq ft (25.2 m 2) Airfoil: root: NACA 63A418 ; tip: NACA 63A412 Empty weight: 9,613 lb (4,360 kg) Max takeoff weight: 15,332 lb (6,954 kg) Powerplant: 2 × Garrett TPE331-10UG ...
The aircraft had a maximum speed over 375 mph (600 km/h), faster than that of a Japanese Zero fighter, a cruise speed of 340 mph (550 km/h), and a service ceiling of 24,000 ft (7,300 m). According to Anthony Sampson in Empires of the Sky , Lockheed may have undertaken the intricate design, but Hughes's intercession in the design process drove ...
The Cessna Citation Longitude is a business jet produced by Cessna, part of the Cessna Citation family.It remains the largest business jet by Cessna. Announced at the May 2012 EBACE, the Model 700 made its first flight on October 8, 2016, with certification obtained in September 2019.
Several reviews compare the Avanti's top speed and service ceiling to that of lower-end jet aircraft, and report significantly better fuel efficiency at cruise speed. [18] [19] Piaggio attributes this performance in part to the layout of the aircraft, claiming a 34% reduction in total wing area compared to a conventional layout. [9] [15]
An aircraft is streamlined from nose to tail to reduce drag making it advantageous to keep the sideslip angle near zero, though an aircraft may be deliberately "sideslipped" to increase drag and descent rate during landing, to keep aircraft heading same as runway heading during cross-wind landings and during flight with asymmetric power.
It is used by medium-size corporations, typically flying 200–300 hours per year, and large fleet operators, the largest being NetJets which booked 25 firm orders and 125 options in 2012 and received 44 aircraft for its U.S. operations and 10 for Europe by June 2018, flying theirs over 1,000 hours per year. [7]