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  2. In-place algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-place_algorithm

    Given an array a of n items, suppose we want an array that holds the same elements in reversed order and to dispose of the original. One seemingly simple way to do this is to create a new array of equal size, fill it with copies from a in the appropriate order and then delete a.

  3. Fold (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(higher-order_function)

    Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...

  4. Queue (abstract data type) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queue_(abstract_data_type)

    For example, Perl and Ruby allow pushing and popping an array from both ends, so one can use push and shift functions to enqueue and dequeue a list (or, in reverse, one can use unshift and pop), [2] although in some cases these operations are not efficient.

  5. JavaScript syntax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript_syntax

    An Array is a JavaScript object prototyped from the Array constructor specifically designed to store data values indexed by integer keys. Arrays, unlike the basic Object type, are prototyped with methods and properties to aid the programmer in routine tasks (for example, join , slice , and push ).

  6. Heap's algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap's_algorithm

    Basis: Heap's Algorithm trivially permutes an array A of size 1 as outputting A is the one and only permutation of A. Induction: Assume Heap's Algorithm permutes an array of size i. Using the results from the previous proof, every element of A will be in the "buffer" once when the first i elements are permuted.

  7. Insertion sort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort

    The best case input is an array that is already sorted. In this case insertion sort has a linear running time (i.e., O(n)). During each iteration, the first remaining element of the input is only compared with the right-most element of the sorted subsection of the array. The simplest worst case input is an array sorted in reverse order.

  8. Luhn mod N algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_mod_N_algorithm

    The reverse operation will provide the reverse mapping. Additional ranges of characters can be dealt with by using conditional statements. Non-sequential sets can be mapped both ways using a hard-coded switch/case statement. A more flexible approach is to use something similar to an associative array. For this to work, a pair of arrays is ...

  9. Map (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_(higher-order_function)

    For example, reverse :: List a -> List a, which reverses a list, is a natural transformation, as is flattenInorder :: Tree a -> List a, which flattens a tree from left to right, and even sortBy :: (a -> a -> Bool) -> List a -> List a, which sorts a list based on a provided comparison function.