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For example, norbornane, also known as bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, can be viewed as a pair of cyclopentane rings each sharing three of their five carbon atoms. Camphor is a more elaborate example. C 8, C 9, and C 11 bicyclic alkanes.
The naming of polycyclic alkanes such as bicyclic alkanes and spiro alkanes is more complex, with the base name indicating the number of carbons in the ring system, a prefix indicating the number of rings ( "bicyclo-" or "spiro-"), and a numeric prefix before that indicating the number of carbons in each part of each ring, exclusive of ...
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Simple spiro compounds are bicyclic (having just two rings). [2]: SP-0 [3]: 653, 839 The presence of only one common atom connecting the two rings distinguishes spiro compounds from other bicyclics. [4] [3]: 653ff : 839ff Spiro compounds may be fully carbocyclic (all carbon) or heterocyclic (having one or more non-carbon atom).
Ring expansions and contractions can involve the insertion of a functional group such as the case with Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclic ketones, rearrangements of cyclic carbocycles as seen in intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions, or collapse or rearrangement of bicyclic compounds as several examples.
Bicyclic alkanes include bicycloundecane, decalin, and housane. Polycyclic alkanes include cubane, basketane, and tetrahedrane. Spiro compounds have two or more rings that are connected through only one carbon atom. The mode of ring-closing in the formation of many alicyclic compounds can be predicted by Baldwin's rules.
Bicyclic compounds contain two rings that have at least one atom in common. The main article for this category is Bicyclic molecule . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bicyclic compounds .
The following is a list of straight-chain alkanes, the total number of isomers of each (including branched chains), and their common names, sorted by number of carbon atoms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Number of C atoms