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Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject covers topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics and epigenetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and ...
Protein c-Fos is a proto-oncogene that is the human homolog of the retroviral oncogene v-fos. [5] It is encoded in humans by the FOS gene. It was first discovered in rat fibroblasts as the transforming gene of the FBJ MSV (Finkel–Biskis–Jinkins murine osteogenic sarcoma virus) (Curran and Tech, 1982).
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that mediates the addition of phosphate molecules onto serine and threonine amino acid residues. First discovered in 1980 as a regulatory kinase for its namesake, glycogen synthase (GS), [2] GSK-3 has since been identified as a protein kinase for over 100 different proteins in a variety of different pathways.
2932 56637 Ensembl ENSG00000082701 ENSMUSG00000022812 UniProt P49841 Q9WV60 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001146156 NM_002093 NM_001354596 NM_019827 NM_001347232 RefSeq (protein) NP_001139628 NP_002084 NP_001341525 NP_001334161 NP_062801 Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 119.82 – 120.09 Mb Chr 16: 37.91 – 38.07 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, (GSK-3 beta ...
The rate of neurogenesis and the type of neuron generated (broadly, excitatory or inhibitory) are principally determined by molecular and genetic factors. These factors notably include the Notch signaling pathway , and many genes have been linked to Notch pathway regulation .
price of food may account for some, but probably not all, of the increase in calories consumed as prices dropped. They propose a model of self-control based on hyperbolic discounting to explain why the increased availability of easy-to-consume snack foods has had a disproportionate effect on weight gain compared to other foods.
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a cyclic nucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). cGMP acts as a second messenger much like cyclic AMP.Its most likely mechanism of action is activation of intracellular protein kinases in response to the binding of membrane-impermeable peptide hormones to the external cell surface. [1]
In the end, effective clearance is necessary, and those suffering AGE increases because of kidney dysfunction might require a kidney transplant. [22] In diabetics who have an increased production of an AGE, kidney damage reduces the subsequent urinary removal of AGEs, forming a positive feedback loop that increases the rate of damage.