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For example, for differential geometry, the top-level code is 53, and the second-level codes are: A for classical differential geometry; B for local differential geometry; C for global differential geometry; D for symplectic geometry and contact geometry; In addition, the special second-level code "-" is used for specific kinds of materials.
Differential geometry is also indispensable in the study of gravitational lensing and black holes. Differential forms are used in the study of electromagnetism. Differential geometry has applications to both Lagrangian mechanics and Hamiltonian mechanics. Symplectic manifolds in particular can be used to study Hamiltonian systems.
98 Discrete Differential Geometry: Integrable Structure, Alexander I. Bobenko, Yuri B. Suris (2008, ISBN 978-0-8218-4700-8) 99 Mathematical Methods in Quantum Mechanics: With Applications to Schrödinger Operators, Gerald Teschl (2009, ISBN 978-0-8218-4660-5) [12] 100 Algebra: A Graduate Course, I. Martin Isaacs (1994, ISBN 978-0-8218-4799-2)
See also multivariable calculus, list of multivariable calculus topics. Manifold. Differentiable manifold; Smooth manifold; Banach manifold; Fréchet manifold; Tensor analysis. Tangent vector
A major theorem, often called the fundamental theorem of the differential geometry of surfaces, asserts that whenever two objects satisfy the Gauss-Codazzi constraints, they will arise as the first and second fundamental forms of a regular surface. Using the first fundamental form, it is possible to define new objects on a regular surface.
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, there are various splitting theorems on when a pseudo-Riemannian manifold can be given as a metric product. The best-known is the Cheeger–Gromoll splitting theorem for Riemannian manifolds, although there has also been research into splitting of Lorentzian manifolds.
In mathematics, specifically differential geometry, the infinitesimal geometry of Riemannian manifolds with dimension greater than 2 is too complicated to be described by a single number at a given point. Riemann introduced an abstract and rigorous way to define curvature for these manifolds, now known as the Riemann curvature tensor.
Let S be a surface in three-dimensional Euclidean space that is parametrized by the position vector r(u, v).Let P = P(u, v) be a point on the surface.Then =, = are two tangent vectors at point P.