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The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
The official chart of the IPA, revised in 2020. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script.It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. [1]
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The following are the non-pulmonic consonants.They are sounds whose airflow is not dependent on the lungs. These include clicks (found in the Khoisan languages and some neighboring Bantu languages of Africa), implosives (found in languages such as Sindhi, Hausa, Swahili and Vietnamese), and ejectives (found in many Amerindian and Caucasian languages).
any rhotic sound (including r-colored vowels) broad transcription ʀ or R: small capital or uppercase r: long vowel or prolonged moraic N ː: used by Japanologists. This symbol represents phonemic long vowel (such as / aʀ /) or / aR /) or rarely prolonged moraic N (hatsuon). ᴙ: reversed small capital r: voiced epiglottal trill [citation ...
following chart provides an overview of the reform landscape. Table 1: School reforms: Overlook to some types of reforms Type of reform Type of policies Reforms related to educational inputs Increase in the amount of hours of education Decrease in class size Increase funding for infrastructure and school supplies
SAMPA IPA Description Examples i: i: close front unrounded vowel: English see, Spanish sí, French vie, German wie, Italian visto: I: ɪ: near-close front unrounded vowel: English city, German mit, Canadian French vite
Within the chart “close”, “open”, “mid”, “front”, “central”, and “back” refer to the placement of the sound within the mouth. [3] At points where two sounds share an intersection, the left is unrounded, and the right is rounded which refers to the shape of the lips while making the sound. [4]