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Agraphia is an acquired neurological disorder causing a loss in the ability to communicate through writing, either due to some form of motor dysfunction [1] or an inability to spell. [2] The loss of writing ability may present with other language or neurological disorders; [ 1 ] disorders appearing commonly with agraphia are alexia , aphasia ...
Aphasia, also known as dysphasia, [a] is an impairment in a person’s ability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. [2] The major causes are stroke and head trauma; prevalence is hard to determine, but aphasia due to stroke is estimated to be 0.1–0.4% in the Global North. [3]
Patients with topographical agnosia have the ability to read maps, but become lost in familiar environments. [20] Visuospatial dysgnosia: This is a loss of the sense of "whereness" in the relation of oneself to one's environment and in the relation of objects to each other.
Literal paraphasia is the incorrect substitution of phonemes, and neologistic paraphasia is the use of non-real words in the place of real words. Patient's naming ability is contaminated by paraphasia. [6] Modality-specific anomia is caused by damage to the sensory cortex, pathways to the dominant angular gyrus, or both. In these patients, word ...
Expressive aphasia (also known as Broca's aphasia) is a type of aphasia characterized by partial loss of the ability to produce language (spoken, manual, [1] or written), although comprehension generally remains intact. [2] A person with expressive aphasia will exhibit effortful speech.
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke defines reading disability or dyslexia as follows: "Dyslexia is a brain-based type of learning disability that specifically impairs a person's ability to read. These individuals typically read at levels significantly lower
Dysgraphia should be distinguished from agraphia (sometimes called acquired dysgraphia), which is an acquired loss of the ability to write resulting from brain injury, progressive illness, or a stroke. [7] The prevalence of dysgraphia throughout the world is not known, due to difficulties in diagnosis and lack of research.
Symptoms of amusia are generally categorized as receptive, clinical, or mixed. Symptoms of receptive amusia, sometimes referred to as "musical deafness" or "tone deafness", [7] include the inability to recognize familiar melodies, the loss of ability to read musical notation, and the inability to detect wrong or out-of tune notes. [8]