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  2. Agraphia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agraphia

    Agraphia is an acquired neurological disorder causing a loss in the ability to communicate through writing, either due to some form of motor dysfunction [1] or an inability to spell. [2] The loss of writing ability may present with other language or neurological disorders; [ 1 ] disorders appearing commonly with agraphia are alexia , aphasia ...

  3. Aphasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphasia

    Aphasia, also known as dysphasia, [a] is an impairment in a person’s ability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. [2] The major causes are stroke and head trauma; prevalence is hard to determine, but aphasia due to stroke is estimated to be 0.1–0.4% in the Global North. [3]

  4. Agnosia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia

    Patients with topographical agnosia have the ability to read maps, but become lost in familiar environments. [20] Visuospatial dysgnosia: This is a loss of the sense of "whereness" in the relation of oneself to one's environment and in the relation of objects to each other.

  5. Anomic aphasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomic_aphasia

    Literal paraphasia is the incorrect substitution of phonemes, and neologistic paraphasia is the use of non-real words in the place of real words. Patient's naming ability is contaminated by paraphasia. [6] Modality-specific anomia is caused by damage to the sensory cortex, pathways to the dominant angular gyrus, or both. In these patients, word ...

  6. Expressive aphasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_aphasia

    Expressive aphasia (also known as Broca's aphasia) is a type of aphasia characterized by partial loss of the ability to produce language (spoken, manual, [1] or written), although comprehension generally remains intact. [2] A person with expressive aphasia will exhibit effortful speech.

  7. Reading disability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_disability

    The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke defines reading disability or dyslexia as follows: "Dyslexia is a brain-based type of learning disability that specifically impairs a person's ability to read. These individuals typically read at levels significantly lower

  8. Dysgraphia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgraphia

    Dysgraphia should be distinguished from agraphia (sometimes called acquired dysgraphia), which is an acquired loss of the ability to write resulting from brain injury, progressive illness, or a stroke. [7] The prevalence of dysgraphia throughout the world is not known, due to difficulties in diagnosis and lack of research.

  9. Amusia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amusia

    Symptoms of amusia are generally categorized as receptive, clinical, or mixed. Symptoms of receptive amusia, sometimes referred to as "musical deafness" or "tone deafness", [7] include the inability to recognize familiar melodies, the loss of ability to read musical notation, and the inability to detect wrong or out-of tune notes. [8]