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Split hand/foot malformation (SHFM) is characterized by underdeveloped or absent central digital rays, clefts of hands and feet, and variable syndactyly of the remaining digits. SHFM is a heterogeneous condition caused by abnormalities at one of multiple loci, including SHFM1 (SHFM1 at 7q21-q22), SHFM2 (Xq26), SHFM3 (FBXW4/DACTYLIN at 10q24 ...
Bone deformity may also accompany nervous and arterial anomalies in some cases due to the duplication of the ulnar nerve, the presence of abnormal arterial arches, the duplication of the ulnar artery, the shortening of the radial nerve, and the absence of the radial artery. The diagnosis of ulnar dimelia is based on laboratory tests of frontal ...
Congenital clasped thumb describes an anomaly which is characterized by a fixed thumb into the palm at the metacarpophalangeal joint in one or both hands. [5] The incidence and genetic background are unknown. A study of Weckesser et al. showed that boys are twice as often affected with congenital clasped thumb compared to girls.
Thumb hypoplasia is a spectrum of congenital abnormalities of the thumb varying from small defects to complete absence of the thumb. [1] It can be isolated, when only the thumb is affected, and in 60% of the cases [2] it is associated with radial dysplasia [1] (or radial club, radius dysplasia, longitudinal radial deficiency). Radial dysplasia ...
Congenital limb deformities are congenital musculoskeletal disorders which primarily affect the upper and lower limbs. An example is polydactyly , where a foot or hand has more than 5 digits. Clubfoot , one of the most common congenital deformities of the lower limbs, occurs approximately 1 in 1000 births.
Symbrachydactyly is a congenital abnormality, characterized by limb anomalies consisting of brachydactyly, cutaneous syndactyly and global hypoplasia of the hand or foot. [1] In many cases, bones will be missing from the fingers and some fingers or toes may be missing altogether.
Ulnar dysplasia also known as ulnar longitudinal deficiency, ulnar club hand or ulnar aplasia/hypoplasia is a rare congenital malformation which consists of an underdeveloped or missing ulnae bone, causing an ulnar deviation of the entire wrist. The muscles and nerves in the hand may be missing or unbalanced.
There are different types of acquired hand deformities, each with distinct characteristics and underlying causes, such as boutonnière deformity, Dupuytren's contracture, gamekeeper's thumb, hand osteoarthritis deformity, mallet finger, swan-neck deformity, ulnar claw hand, among many others.