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For example, gentamicin is an antibiotic that can be nephrotoxic (kidney damaging) and ototoxic (hearing damaging); measurement of gentamicin through concentrations in a patient's plasma and calculation of the AUC is used to guide the dosage of this drug. [3] AUC becomes useful for knowing the average concentration over a time interval, AUC/t.
where De is the effective dose, B bioavailability and Da the administered dose. Therefore, if a drug has a bioavailability of 0.8 (or 80%) and it is administered in a dose of 100 mg, the equation will demonstrate the following: De = 0.8 × 100 mg = 80 mg
The majority (95%) of amikacin from an intramuscular or intravenous dose is secreted unchanged via glomerular filtration and into the urine within 24 hours. [ 9 ] [ 16 ] Factors that cause amikacin to be excreted via urine include its relatively low molecular weight, high water solubility, and unmetabolized state.
There are various competing calculation methods for the drug accumulation ratio, yielding somewhat different results. A commonly used formula defines R ac as the ratio of the area under the curve (AUC) during a single dosing interval under steady state conditions to the AUC during a dosing interval after one single dose: [1]
MDCalc is a free online medical reference for healthcare professionals that provides point-of-care clinical decision-support tools, including medical calculators, scoring systems, and algorithms. [1]
The solution of this differential equation is useful in calculating the concentration after the administration of a single dose of drug via IV bolus injection: = C t is concentration after time t; C 0 is the initial concentration (t=0) K is the elimination rate constant
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C avg is the average concentration of a drug in the central circulation during a dosing interval in steady state. It is calculated by = ...