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The initial aim of treatment in hypertensive crises is to rapidly lower the diastolic pressure to about 100 to 105 mmHg (Incorrect - A decrease to 100mmHg from 180 would be almost a 40% decrease from baseline); this goal should be achieved within two to six hours, with the maximum initial fall in BP not exceeding 25 percent of the presenting value.
Blood pressure should be sufficient so as to sustain cerebral perfusion pressures greater than 60 mm Hg for optimal blood blow to the brain. [3] Vasopressors may be used to achieve adequate blood pressures with minimal risk of increasing intracranial pressures. [3] However, sharp rises in blood pressure should be avoided. [3]
Cluster headache is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). [1] There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. [1]
Cerebral perfusion pressure, or CPP, is the net pressure gradient causing cerebral blood flow to the brain (brain perfusion).It must be maintained within narrow limits because too little pressure could cause brain tissue to become ischemic (having inadequate blood flow), and too much could raise intracranial pressure (ICP).
During the CSF infusion test, a ringer lactate solution is infused into a spinal needle while another spinal needle is used to record numerous CSF pressure variables including ICP, outflow resistance, and CSF formation rate. [24] The tests have a positive predictive value over 90%, but a negative predictive value less than 50%. The LP should ...
PRES usually has an acute onset. Most people with PRES experience headaches and seizures; many also experience visual changes, confusion, drowsiness, weakness of the arm and/or leg on one side of the body (hemiplegia), difficulty speaking, or, more rarely, other neurological symptoms.
Patients may have a history of loss of consciousness but they recover and do not relapse. Clinical onset occurs over hours. Complications include focal neurologic deficits depending on the site of hematoma and brain injury, increased intracranial pressure leading to herniation of brain and ischemia due to reduced blood supply and seizures.
Without treatment, permanent disability or death may occur. [1] About one to two per 1,000 newborns have hydrocephalus. [1] [3] Rates in the developing world may be higher. [5] Normal pressure hydrocephalus is estimated to affect about 5 per 100,000 people, with rates increasing with age. [6]