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  2. Wikipedia:Claims require specific evidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Claims_require...

    Unsubstantiated claims, which lack specific evidence, involve some common fallacies, which can mislead other editors into false conclusions. Some common fallacies of baseless claims include: Begging the question - asserting a claim as if true but without proof; Argumentum ad nauseam - repeating remarks, typically with "walls of text" which lack ...

  3. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    Argument from silence (argumentum ex silentio) – assuming that a claim is true based on the absence of textual or spoken evidence from an authoritative source, or vice versa. [68] Ignoratio elenchi (irrelevant conclusion, missing the point) – an argument that may in itself be valid, but does not address the issue in question. [69]

  4. Argument from ignorance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance

    Argument from ignorance (from Latin: argumentum ad ignorantiam), also known as appeal to ignorance (in which ignorance represents "a lack of contrary evidence"), is a fallacy in informal logic. The fallacy is committed when one asserts that a proposition is true because it has not yet been proven false or a proposition is false because it has ...

  5. Circular reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_reasoning

    Circular reasoning is not a formal logical fallacy, but a pragmatic defect in an argument whereby the premises are just as much in need of proof or evidence as the conclusion. As a consequence, the argument becomes a matter of faith and fails to persuade those who don't already accept it.

  6. False accusation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_accusation

    A false accusation is a claim or allegation of wrongdoing that is untrue and/or otherwise unsupported by facts. [1] False accusations are also known as groundless accusations or unfounded accusations or false allegations or false claims or unsubstantiated allegations. They can occur in any of the following contexts: Informally in everyday life

  7. Empirical evidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical_evidence

    A thing is evidence for a proposition if it epistemically supports this proposition or indicates that the supported proposition is true. Evidence is empirical if it is constituted by or accessible to sensory experience. There are various competing theories about the exact definition of the terms evidence and empirical. Different fields, like ...

  8. Evidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence

    This evidence-based method is meant to make it possible for philosophy to overcome many of the traditionally unresolved disagreements and thus become a rigorous science. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] [ 5 ] This far-reaching claim of phenomenology, based on absolute certainty, is one of the focal points of criticism by its opponents.

  9. Glossary of rhetorical terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms

    Ethos – a rhetorical appeal to an audience based on the speaker/writer's credibility. Ethopoeia – the act of putting oneself into the character of another to convey that person's feelings and thoughts more vividly. Eulogy – a speech or writing in praise of a person, especially one who recently died or retired.