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2. Basic access authentication - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication

   In the context of an HTTP transaction, basic access authentication is a method for an HTTP user agent (e.g. a web browser) to provide a user name and password when making a request. In basic HTTP authentication, a request contains a header field in the form of Authorization: Basic <credentials> , where <credentials> is the Base64 encoding of ID ...

3. Binary-to-text encoding - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding

   The ASCII text-encoding standard uses 7 bits to encode characters. With this it is possible to encode 128 (i.e. 2 7) unique values (0–127) to represent the alphabetic, numeric, and punctuation characters commonly used in English, plus a selection of Control characters which do not represent printable characters.

4. Message authentication code - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_authentication_code

   In cryptography, a message authentication code (MAC), sometimes known as an authentication tag, is a short piece of information used for authenticating and integrity-checking a message.

5. Authorization certificate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorization_certificate

   The authorization certificate works in conjunction with a public key certificate (PKC). While the PKC is issued by a certificate authority (CA) and is used as a proof of identity of its holder like a passport, the authorization certificate is issued by an attribute authority (AA) and is used to characterize or entitle its holder like a visa ...

6. Quoted-printable - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quoted-printable

   Quoted-Printable encoding is one method used for mapping arbitrary bytes into sequences of ASCII characters. So, Quoted-Printable is not a character encoding scheme itself, but a data coding layer to be used under some byte-oriented character encoding. QP encoding is reversible, meaning the original bytes and hence the non-ASCII characters they ...

7. Universal Coded Character Set - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set

   The Universal Coded Character Set (UCS, Unicode) is a standard set of characters defined by the international standard ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) (plus amendments to that standard), which is the basis of many character encodings, improving as characters from previously unrepresented writing systems are added.

8. Identity-based encryption - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity-based_encryption

   Identity-based encryption (IBE), is an important primitive of identity-based cryptography.As such it is a type of public-key encryption in which the public key of a user is some unique information about the identity of the user (e.g. a user's email address).

9. PDF - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF

   PDF can specify a predefined encoding to use, the font's built-in encoding or provide a lookup table of differences to a predefined or built-in encoding (not recommended with TrueType fonts). [2] The encoding mechanisms in PDF were designed for Type 1 fonts, and the rules for applying them to TrueType fonts are complex.