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When Devanāgarī is used for writing languages other than Sanskrit, conjuncts are used mostly with Sanskrit words and loan words. Native words typically use the basic consonant and native speakers know to suppress the vowel when it is conventional to do so. For example, the native Hindi word karnā is written करना (ka-ra-nā). [60]
The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is a subset of the ISO 15919 standard, used for the transliteration of Sanskrit, Prakrit and Pāḷi into Roman script with diacritics. IAST is a widely used standard. It uses diacritics to disambiguate phonetically similar but not identical Sanskrit glyphs. For example, dental and ...
The resulting script is widely adopted across India to write Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi and its dialects, and Konkani. The arrangement of Brahmi was adopted as the modern order of Japanese kana , though the letters themselves are unrelated.
Among the close vowels, what in Sanskrit are thought to have been primarily distinctions of vowel length (that is /i, iː/ and /u, uː/), have become in Hindustani distinctions of quality, or length accompanied by quality (that is, /ɪ, iː/ and /ʊ, uː/). [7]
The table is formed by collating the 36 consonants of Sanskrit plus ळ (which is not used in Sanskrit), as listed in Masica (1991:161–162). Not all of these form conjuncts (these instead show a halanta under the first letter), and the number that do will vary with the Devanagari font installed.
Sanskrit and other Indic Languages This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and , see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
Devanagari ISO 15919 UNRSGN IAST Comment ए / े: ē: e e: To distinguish between long and short 'e' in Dravidian languages, 'e' now represents ऎ / ॆ (short). The use of ē is considered optional in ISO 15919, and using e for ए (long) is acceptable for languages that do not distinguish long and short e.
Being the official script for Hindi, Devanagari is officially used in the Union Government of India as well as several Indian states where Hindi is an official language, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, and the Indian union territories of Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Dadra and Nagar Haveli ...
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