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Originally the second of three degrees in sequence – Legum Baccalaureus (LL.B., last conferred by an American law school in 1970); LL.M.; and Legum Doctor (LL.D.) or Doctor of Laws, which has only been conferred in the United States as an honorary degree but is an earned degree in other countries. In American legal academia, the LL.M. was ...
Such citations and abbreviations are found in court decisions, statutes, regulations, journal articles, books, and other documents. Below is a basic list of very common abbreviations. Because publishers adopt different practices regarding how abbreviations are printed, one may find abbreviations with or without periods for each letter.
List of legal abbreviations; List of legal abbreviations (canon law) on Wiktionary: Appendix: English legal terms; Appendix: Glossary of legal terms; See also
Prosecutor Chief Prosecutor Robert H. Jackson (on the pulpit) at the Nuremberg Trials Occupation Occupation type Profession Activity sectors Law, law enforcement Description Competencies Advocacy skills, analytical mind, sense of justice Education required Typically required to be authorised to practice law in the jurisdiction, law degree, in some cases a traineeship. Fields of employment ...
The first academic degrees were law degrees, and the first law degrees were doctorates. The foundations of the first universities in Europe were the glossators of the 11th century, which were schools of law. [1] The first European university, Bologna, was founded by four legal scholars in the 12th century. The first academic title of "doctor ...
Degree abbreviations are used as an alternative way to specify an academic degree instead of spelling out the title in full, such as in reference books such as Who's Who and on business cards. Many degree titles have more than one possible abbreviation, with the abbreviation used varying between different universities.
Abbreviation of et alii, meaning "and others". et cetera: and other things Generally used in the sense of "and so forth". et seq. and the following things Abbreviation of et sequens, meaning "and the following ones". Used in citations to indicate that the cited portion extends to the pages following the cited page.
The office most likely originates in the Roman-Dutch and French manorial or seignorial administrator (Dutch: procurator-fiscaal, French: procureur fiscal), who, as the fiscal in the title suggests, was originally an officer of the sheriff (the local law enforcement officer and judge) with financial (fiscal) responsibilities: the procurator fiscal collected debts, fines, and taxes.