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Originally the second of three degrees in sequence – Legum Baccalaureus (LL.B., last conferred by an American law school in 1970); LL.M.; and Legum Doctor (LL.D.) or Doctor of Laws, which has only been conferred in the United States as an honorary degree but is an earned degree in other countries. In American legal academia, the LL.M. was ...
Such citations and abbreviations are found in court decisions, statutes, regulations, journal articles, books, and other documents. Below is a basic list of very common abbreviations. Because publishers adopt different practices regarding how abbreviations are printed, one may find abbreviations with or without periods for each letter.
Prosecutor Chief Prosecutor Robert H. Jackson (on the pulpit) at the Nuremberg Trials Occupation Occupation type Profession Activity sectors Law, law enforcement Description Competencies Advocacy skills, analytical mind, sense of justice Education required Typically required to be authorised to practice law in the jurisdiction, law degree, in some cases a traineeship. Fields of employment ...
The first academic degrees were law degrees, and the first law degrees were doctorates. The foundations of the first universities in Europe were the glossators of the 11th century, which were schools of law. [1] The first European university, Bologna, was founded by four legal scholars in the 12th century. The first academic title of "doctor ...
An Attorney at law or lawyer must be an individual admitted to a state bar and licensed by a state, not just a person with a professional law degree. [citation needed] A few areas of law, such as patent law, bankruptcy, or immigration law, are mandated by the U.S. Constitution to be strictly under federal jurisdiction. In this case, state ...
In the United States, a public defender is a lawyer appointed by the courts and provided by the state or federal governments to represent and advise those charged with a crime or crimes who cannot afford to hire a private attorney. [1] [2] [3] Public defenders are full-time attorneys employed by the state or federal governments. [1]
Legal education is typically received through a law school program. The professional degree granted by U.S. law schools is the Juris Doctor (J.D.). Prospective lawyers who have been awarded the J.D. (or other appropriate credential), must fulfill additional, state-specific requirements in order to gain admission to the bar in the United States.
Public prosecutor's offices are criminal justice bodies attached to the judiciary. [ citation needed ] They are separate from the courts in Germany , Austria and the German-speaking parts of Switzerland , and are called the Staatsanwaltschaft ( German: [ˈʃtaːt͡sʔanˌvaltʃaft] ⓘ ).