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Cancer Associated Retinopathy (CAR) also known as Carcinoma Associated Retinopathy is an immune-mediated disease affecting the retina of the eye. It is a paraneoplastic type autoimmune retinopathy associated with cancer that can cause blindness. It can be seen in association with various types of cancers.
A major risk factor for AIR is a history of cancer, especially in paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy, where the autoimmune response is triggered by cancerous cells and cancer treatments. Cancer-associated retinopathy is commonly linked with cancers such as lung cancer and breast cancer, which trigger an autoimmune response due to malignant ...
Uveal melanoma is a type of eye cancer in the uvea of the eye. [3] It is traditionally classed as originating in the iris, choroid, and ciliary body, but can also be divided into class I (low metastatic risk) and class II (high metastatic risk). [3] Symptoms include blurred vision, loss of vision, and photopsia, but there may be no symptoms. [4]
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [3] [4] Cancer can be difficult to diagnose because its signs and symptoms are often nonspecific, meaning they may be general phenomena that do not point directly to a specific disease process.
The overall prognosis is poor, and death can sometimes occur within 5 or 10 years of the first symptoms appearing, although some patients live more than 20 years after initial symptoms. [ 4 ] Clinical trials are underway, as are efforts to develop personalized medicines for patients with RVCL .
Optic nerve melanocytoma does not usually produce symptoms or grow. If they slowly grow, optic nerve melanocytoma can produce afferent pupillary defects (30%), subretinal fluid (10%), and an enlarged blind spot (75%). On fundoscopic exam, the optic disc may be swollen, atrophic, or even normal. [1] Central retinal vein occlusion may occur.
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It is also seen in children, but this is rare. The tumors grow from cells that surround the optic nerve, and as the tumor grows, it compresses the optic nerve. This causes loss of vision in the affected eye. [1] Rarely, it may affect both eyes at the same time. [2] It is typically a slow growing tumor, and has never been reported to cause death.