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Standardized Kt/V, also std Kt/V, is a way of measuring dialysis adequacy. It was developed by Frank Gotch and is used in the United States to measure dialysis. Despite the name, it is quite different from Kt/V. In theory, both peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis can be quantified with std Kt/V.
Some investigators have proposed dosing based on surface area (S) instead of V, but clinicians usually measure the URR and then calculate Kt/V. One can "adjust" the Kt/V, to calculate a "surface-area-normalized" or "SAN"-Kt/V as well as a "SAN"-standard Kt/V. This puts a wrapper around Kt/V and normalizes it to body surface area. [8]
Nomogram: Standard(ized)Kt/V vs. Treatment Kt/V by Number of Treatments per Week: 00:34, 11 February 2007: 574 × 499 (68 KB) Jtdaugir (talk | contribs)
Standard symbol Definition Field of application Basic reproduction number: number of infections caused on average by an infectious individual over entire infectious period: epidemiology: Body fat percentage: total mass of fat divided by total body mass, multiplied by 100: biology Kt/V: Kt/V
So in practice, because of urea generation and UF/W, a 63% URR (0.63) results in a Kt/V of about 1.15 instead of only 1.0 (see graph). KDOQI hemodialysis adequacy standards are written in terms of either Kt/V or URR, with Kt/V being the preferred choices. But a patient may meet one standard and not the other, depending on the level of UF/W.
V – volume. var – variance of a random variable. vcs – vercosine function. (Also written as vercos.) ver – versine function. (Also written as vers, siv.) vercos – vercosine function. (Also written as vcs.) vers – versine function. (Also written as ver, siv.)
Separative work – the amount of separation done by a Uranium enrichment process – is a function of the concentrations of the feedstock, the enriched output, and the depleted tailings; and is expressed in units which are so calculated as to be proportional to the total input (energy / machine operation time) and to the mass processed.
In probability theory, a log-normal (or lognormal) distribution is a continuous probability distribution of a random variable whose logarithm is normally distributed.Thus, if the random variable X is log-normally distributed, then Y = ln(X) has a normal distribution.