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Given two sets M and N endowed with monoid structure (or, in general, any finite number of monoids, M 1, ..., M k), their Cartesian product M × N, with the binary operation and identity element defined on corresponding coordinates, called the direct product, is also a monoid (respectively, M 1 × ⋅⋅⋅ × M k). [5] Fix a monoid M.
In graph theory, a graph product is a binary operation on graphs. Specifically, it is an operation that takes two graphs G 1 and G 2 and produces a graph H with the following properties: The vertex set of H is the Cartesian product V ( G 1 ) × V ( G 2 ) , where V ( G 1 ) and V ( G 2 ) are the vertex sets of G 1 and G 2 , respectively.
A monoid object in the category of monoids (with the direct product of monoids) is just a commutative monoid. This follows easily from the Eckmann–Hilton argument. A monoid object in the category of complete join-semilattices Sup (with the monoidal structure induced by the Cartesian product) is a unital quantale.
For any commutative ring R, the category of R-algebras is monoidal with the tensor product of algebras as the product and R as the unit. The category of pointed spaces (restricted to compactly generated spaces for example) is monoidal with the smash product serving as the product and the pointed 0-sphere (a two-point discrete space) serving as ...
The Cartesian product of K 2 and a path graph is a ladder graph. The Cartesian product of two path graphs is a grid graph. The Cartesian product of n edges is a hypercube: =. Thus, the Cartesian product of two hypercube graphs is another hypercube: Q i Q j = Q i+j.
In category theory, the product of two (or more) objects in a category is a notion designed to capture the essence behind constructions in other areas of mathematics such as the Cartesian product of sets, the direct product of groups or rings, and the product of topological spaces.
Consider a finite group G, a field k and the group algebra kG.The category of k-linear group representations of G is isomorphic to the category of left modules over kG.The isomorphism can be described as follows: given a group representation ρ : G → GL(V), where V is a vector space over k, GL(V) is the group of its k-linear automorphisms, and ρ is a group homomorphism, we turn V into a ...
A two-sided identity (or just identity) is an element that is both a left and right identity. Semigroups with a two-sided identity are called monoids. A semigroup may have at most one two-sided identity. If a semigroup has a two-sided identity, then the two-sided identity is the only one-sided identity in the semigroup.