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For an NPN open emitter output, the collector is connected to the positive voltage rail, so the emitter outputs a high voltage when the transistor is on and is hi-Z when off. For a PNP open emitter output, the collector is connected to the low voltage supply, so the emitter outputs a low voltage when the transistor is on and is hi-Z when off.
The heart of an I2L circuit is the common emitter open collector inverter. Typically, an inverter consists of an NPN transistor with the emitter connected to ground and the base biased with a forward current from the current source. The input is supplied to the base as either a current sink (low logic level) or as a high-z floating condition ...
Ebers–Moll model for a PNP transistor Approximated Ebers–Moll model for an NPN transistor in the forward active mode. The collector diode is reverse-biased so I CD is virtually zero. Most of the emitter diode current (α F is nearly 1) is drawn from the collector, providing the amplification of the base current.
Open collector. Single conductor, with 5 V power supply and ground, shielded when using higher speeds sync. and async. transmission, variable up to ~150 kbit/s
This configuration holds the transistor's collector voltage roughly constant, thus making the base to collector gain zero and hence (ideally) removing the Miller effect. Using a differential amplifier topology like an emitter follower driving a grounded-base amplifier; as long as the emitter follower is truly a common-collector amplifier , the ...
A Class B push–pull output driver using a pair of complementary PNP and NPN bipolar junction transistors configured as emitter followers. A push–pull amplifier is a type of electronic circuit that uses a pair of active devices that alternately supply current to, or absorb current from, a connected load. This kind of amplifier can enhance ...
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Open-collector buffers connected as wired AND. The wired AND connection is a form of AND gate. When using open collector or similar outputs (which can be identified by the ⎐ symbol in schematics), wired AND only requires a pull up resistor on the shared output wire. In this example, 5V is considered HIGH (true), and 0V is LOW (false).