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[1] [2] EE is an estrogen, while norethisterone acetate (NETA) is a progestin. [1] It is taken by mouth . [ 1 ] Some preparations of EE/NETA used in birth control additionally contain an iron supplement in the form of ferrous fumarate .
The drug was first marketed, by Parke-Davis as Norlestrin in the United States, in March 1964. [11] [12] This was a combination formulation of 2.5 mg NETA and 50 μg ethinylestradiol and was indicated as an oral contraceptive. [11] [12] Other early brand names of NETA used in oral contraceptives included Minovlar and Anovlar. [11]
All contain an estrogen, ethinylestradiol or mestranol, [1] [2] in varying amounts, and one of a number of different progestogens. (Regarding the estrogen, the inactive 3-methyl ether of ethinylestradiol, which must be metabolized by the liver into the active ethinylestradiol; 50 μg of mestranol is equivalent to only 35 μg of ethinylestradiol and should not be used when high-dose [50 μg ...
Norethisterone is a substrate for and is known to be an inhibitor of 5α-reductase, with 4.4% and 20.1% inhibition at 0.1 and 1 μM, respectively. [11] However, therapeutic concentrations of norethisterone are in the low nanomolar range, so this action may not be clinically relevant at typical dosages. [11]
This is a list of progestogens (progesterone and progestins) and formulations that are approved by the FDA Tooltip Food and Drug Administration in the United States. Progestogens are used as hormonal contraceptives, in hormone replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms, and in the treatment of gynecological disorders. [medical citation needed]
Norgestrel is the generic name of the drug and its international nonproprietary name, United States Adopted Name, United States Pharmacopeia, British Approved Name, Dénomination Commune Française, Denominazione Comune Italiana, and Japanese Accepted Name. [3] [4] [5] [7] It is also known as dl-norgestrel, DL-norgestrel, or (±)-norgestrel. [3 ...
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Use of combined oral contraceptive pills, however, varies widely by country, [18] age, education, and marital status. For example, one third of women aged 16–49 in the United Kingdom use either the combined pill or progestogen-only pill (POP), [19] [20] compared with less than 3% of women in Japan (as of 1950–2014). [21]