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Authoritarian regimes are also sometimes subcategorized by whether they are more personalistic or populist. [80] [additional citation(s) needed] Personalistic authoritarian regimes are characterized by arbitrary rule and authority exercised "mainly through patronage networks and coercion rather than through institutions and formal rules."
Authoritarian regimes are systems in which power is highly centralized, and often concentrated in the hands of a single leader or a small elite group. [11] In authoritarian regimes, political opposition is often suppressed, with dissenting voices silenced through tactics such as censorship, imprisonment, or violence. Political freedoms ...
According to Yale professor Juan José Linz there are three main types of political systems today: democracies, totalitarian regimes and, sitting between these two, authoritarian regimes with hybrid regimes. [2] [3] Another modern classification system includes monarchies as a standalone entity or as a hybrid system of the main three. [4]
By contrast, Armenia was re-upgraded from an authoritarian regime to a hybrid regime as a result of constitutional changes that shifted power from the presidency to parliament. [12] In 2017, the Gambia was upgraded again from an authoritarian regime to a hybrid regime after Yahya Jammeh , who was president from 1996 to 2017, was defeated by ...
Authoritarian conservatism is a political ideology that seeks to uphold order, tradition and hierarchy, often with forcible suppression of radical and revolutionary enemies such as communists, Nazis, and anarchists. [1] Authoritarian conservative movements and regimes have included Chiangism in China, [2] Metaxism in Greece, [3] and Francoism ...
In this classic work, published in 1975 and republished in 2000, Juan Linz provides an encyclopedic classification of types of political regime that develops the fundamental distinction between totalitarian and authoritarian systems and also presents a discussion of sultanistic regimes. [12]
] Those regimes were predominantly military juntas and most of them collapsed in the 1980s. Communist countries, which were very cautious about not revealing their authoritarian methods of rule to the public, were usually led by civilian governments and officers taking power were not much welcomed there.
[1] [2] During the Cold War, the U.S. backed anti-communist governments that were authoritarian, and were often unable or unwilling to promote modernization. [3] U.S. officials have been accused of collaborating with oppressive and anti-democratic governments to secure their military bases in Central America , Africa , Asia , and the Middle East .