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Dart is an object-oriented, class-based, garbage-collected language with C-style syntax. [9] It can compile to machine code , JavaScript , or WebAssembly . It supports interfaces , mixins , abstract classes , reified generics and type inference .
Access modifiers (or access specifiers) are keywords in object-oriented languages that set the accessibility of classes, methods, and other members. Access modifiers are a specific part of programming language syntax used to facilitate the encapsulation of components. [1] In C++, there are only three access modifiers.
Dart imposes the syntactic rule that non-local identifiers beginning with an underscore (_) are treated as private (since the language does not have explicit keywords for public or private access). Additionally, source file names do not follow Java's "one public class per source file, name must match" rule, instead using snake_case for filenames.
Two common classes of algebraic types are product types (i.e., tuples, and records) and sum types (i.e., tagged or disjoint unions, coproduct types or variant types). [1] The values of a product type typically contain several values, called fields. All values of that type have the same combination of field types.
A related concept is inner types, also known as inner data type or nested type, which is a generalization of the concept of inner classes. C++ is an example of a language that supports both inner classes and inner types (via typedef declarations). [30] [31] A local class is a class defined within a procedure or function. Such structure limits ...
For example, instead of inheriting from class Person, class Employee could give each Employee object an internal Person object, which it then has the opportunity to hide from external code even if class Person has many public attributes or methods. Delegation is another language feature that can be used as an alternative to inheritance.
Other language features can provide the apparent benefits of covariant parameters while preserving Liskov substitutability. In a language with generics (a.k.a. parametric polymorphism) and bounded quantification, the previous examples can be written in a type-safe way. [12] Instead of defining AnimalShelter, we define a parameterized class ...
Method overriding, in object-oriented programming, is a language feature that allows a subclass or child class to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by one of its superclasses or parent classes.