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  2. History of gravitational theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../History_of_gravitational_theory

    To make this into an equal-sided formula or equation, there needed to be a multiplying factor or constant that would give the correct force of gravity no matter the value of the masses or distance between them – the gravitational constant. Newton would need an accurate measure of this constant to prove his inverse-square law.

  3. Aristotelian physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotelian_physics

    Aristotelian physics is the form of natural philosophy described in the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC). In his work Physics, Aristotle intended to establish general principles of change that govern all natural bodies, both living and inanimate, celestial and terrestrial – including all motion (change with respect to place), quantitative change (change with respect to ...

  4. Gravity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

    In physics, gravity (from Latin gravitas 'weight' [1]) is a fundamental interaction primarily observed as mutual attraction between all things that have mass.Gravity is, by far, the weakest of the four fundamental interactions, approximately 10 38 times weaker than the strong interaction, 10 36 times weaker than the electromagnetic force and 10 29 times weaker than the weak interaction.

  5. Classical element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_element

    The ancient Greek concept of four basic elements, these being earth (γῆ gê), water (ὕδωρ hýdōr), air (ἀήρ aḗr), and fire (πῦρ pŷr), dates from pre-Socratic times and persisted throughout the Middle Ages and into the Early modern period, deeply influencing European thought and culture.

  6. Physics (Aristotle) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics_(Aristotle)

    The Physics (Greek: Φυσικὴ ἀκρόασις Phusike akroasis; Latin: Physica, or Naturales Auscultationes, possibly meaning "Lectures on nature") is a named text, written in ancient Greek, collated from a collection of surviving manuscripts known as the Corpus Aristotelicum, attributed to the 4th-century BC philosopher Aristotle.

  7. Theory of impetus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_impetus

    The theory of impetus [1] is an auxiliary or secondary theory of Aristotelian dynamics, put forth initially to explain projectile motion against gravity. It was introduced by John Philoponus in the 6th century, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and elaborated by Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji at the end of the 12th century. [ 4 ]

  8. Mechanical explanations of gravitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_explanations_of...

    The resulting speed gradient (refractive index gradient) provides a direct classical explanation for the gravitational bending of light (gravitational lens effect) and the gravitational redshift, and less directly for the other practical consequences of General relativity, including the classical attraction of matter by gravity: because of wave ...

  9. History of physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_physics

    The ancient Greek mathematician ... The atomic theory of matter had been proposed again in the early 19th century by ... gravitational force in the normal sense is a ...