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Bengali is the official, national, and most widely spoken language of Bangladesh, [10] [11] [12] with 98% of Bangladeshis using Bengali as their first language. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] It is the second-most widely spoken language in India .
This is a list of States and Union Territories of India by Bengali speakers at the time of the 2011 Census. [1]According to 2011 census of India, Bengali is the fourth fastest growing language in India, following Hindi in the first place, Kashmiri in the second place, and Meitei (), along with Gujarati, in the third place.
India has a Greenberg's diversity index of 0.914—i.e. two people selected at random from the country will have different native languages in 91.4% of cases. [11] As per the 2011 Census of India, languages by highest number of speakers are as follows: Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Telugu, Tamil, Gujarati, Urdu, Kannada, Odia, Malayalam. [12] [13]
Though Bengali may have a historic legacy of borrowing vocabulary from languages such as Persian and Sanskrit, [144] modern borrowings primarily come from the English language. Various forms of the language are in use today and provide an important force for Bengali cohesion.
Like most Indian languages, Bengali has a number of dialects. It exhibits diglossia, with the literary and standard form differing greatly from the colloquial speech of the regions that identify with the language. [160] Bengali language has developed a rich cultural base spanning art, music, literature, and religion.
The following table contains the Indian states and union territories along with the most spoken scheduled languages used in the region. [1] These are based on the 2011 census of India figures except Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, whose statistics are based on the 2001 census of the then unified Andhra Pradesh.
It is part of the Bengali-Assamese languages. Bengali has greatly influenced other languages in the region, including Odia, Assamese, Chakma, Nepali and Rohingya. It is the sole state language of Bangladesh and the second most spoken language in India. [174] It is also the seventh most spoken language by total number of speakers in the world.
Bengali is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language that originated from the Middle Indo-Aryan language in the 7th century. After the conquest of Nadia in 1204 AD, Islamic rule began in Bengal, which influenced the Bengali language. [1] [2] The middle or late 14th century is marked as the end of Old Bengal and the beginning of Middle Bengal.