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Oral contraceptives, abbreviated OCPs, also known as birth control pills, are medications taken by mouth for the purpose of birth control. The introduction of the birth control pill ("the Pill") in 1960 revolutionized the options for contraception, sparking vibrant discussion in the scientific and social science literature and in the media.
Levonorgestrel pills, when used within 3 days, decrease the chance of pregnancy after a single episode of unprotected sex or condom failure by 70% (resulting in a pregnancy rate of 2.2%). [11] Ulipristal , when used within 5 days, decreases the chance of pregnancy by about 85% (pregnancy rate 1.4%) and is more effective than levonorgestrel.
If used exactly as instructed, the estimated risk of getting pregnant is 0.3% which means that about 3 in 1000 women on combined oral contraceptive pills will become pregnant within one year. [40] However, typical use of combined oral contraceptive pills by users often consists of timing errors, forgotten pills, or unwanted side effects.
Pills—combined and progestogen-only—are the most common form of hormonal contraception. Worldwide, they account for 12% of contraceptive use. 21% of users of reversible contraceptives choose COCPs or POPs. Pills are especially popular in more developed countries, where they account for 25% of contraceptive use. [48]
This is a list of progestogens (progesterone and progestins) and formulations that are approved by the FDA Tooltip Food and Drug Administration in the United States. Progestogens are used as hormonal contraceptives , in hormone replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms , and in the treatment of gynecological disorders .
Estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate (brand name Femilar) – introduced in Finland (only) in 1993 [3] Estradiol valerate and dienogest (brand names Qlaira, Natazia) – introduced in Europe in 2009 and the U.S. Tooltip United States in 2010 [4] Estradiol and nomegestrol acetate (brand name Zoely) – introduced in Europe in 2011 [5]
EE/CPA is used as a combined birth control pill to prevent ovulation and pregnancy in women. [2] It is also approved and used to treat androgen-dependent conditions in women such as acne , seborrhea , hirsutism , female pattern hair loss , and hyperandrogenism due to polycystic ovary syndrome .
Injections are required every 12 weeks. The rules for LAM must be followed every day. Both LAM and hormonal methods provide a reduced level of protection against pregnancy if they are occasionally used incorrectly (rarely going longer than 4–6 hours between breastfeeds, a late pill or injection, or forgetting to replace a patch or ring on time).