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There are no surviving literary sources and Punic religion is primarily reconstructed from inscriptions and archaeological evidence. [2] An important sacred space in Punic religion appears to have been the large open air sanctuaries known as tophets in modern scholarship, in which urns containing the cremated bones of infants and animals were ...
Tophet excavations in 1921. In 1921, the so-called "priest stele" was unearthed as part of the clandestine archaeological digs that were very common at the time. [10]A limestone stele, over a metre high, [11] depicting an adult wearing a typical kohanim (Punic priest) hat, a Punic tunic and holding a young child in his arms, was offered by an outfitter to enlightened antiquities enthusiasts ...
In Sicily and Sardinia, tophets slowly went out of use in the third and second centuries BCE, following the establishment of Roman control in the First Punic War. In the same period in North Africa, many new tophets were established, mainly inland in Tunisia. Many of these tophets remained in use after the fall of Carthage in 146 BCE.
Phoenician votive inscriptions or Punic votive inscriptions are votive inscriptions in the Phoenician and Punic religion, dedicated to a certain god or gods, mostly on stelae. The inscriptions have a standard formula, including the name of the god (or gods), the statement of the vow , the name of the vower and a closing statement.
The site of Bir Bouregba was occupied by the Punic city of Tanesmat, also known as Tnsmt in the Phoenician language and Thinissut in Latin, [K 1] [E 1] which was founded in the 5th century BC. The city was governed by two shophets, a well-established feature in Punic institutions, including those of Carthage.
Punic, which is sometimes used synonymously with Carthaginian, derives from the Latin poenus and punicus, based on the Ancient Greek word Φοῖνιξ (Phoinix), pl. Φοίνικες (Phoinikes), an exonym used to describe the Canaanite port towns with which the Greeks traded.
The Humbert Punic inscriptions are five Punic inscriptions, found in Carthage by Jean Emile Humbert in 1817 in Husainid Tunisia. They were the first published Punic ...
The Punic religion was a direct continuation of the Phoenician variety of the polytheistic ancient Canaanite religion. At Carthage, the chief gods were Baal Hammon (purportedly "Lord of the Brazier") [16] and his consort Tanit, but other deities are attested, such as Eshmun, Melqart, [17] Ashtart, Reshef, Sakon, and Shamash. [18]