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Hypocalcemia is a medical condition characterized by low calcium levels in the blood serum. [5] The normal range of blood calcium is typically between 2.1–2.6 mmol/L (8.8–10.7 mg/dL, 4.3–5.2 mEq/L), while levels less than 2.1 mmol/L are defined as hypocalcemic.
Electrolyte imbalance, or water-electrolyte imbalance, is an abnormality in the concentration of electrolytes in the body. Electrolytes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the body.
Structure of vanadyl acetylacetonate Cavansite, a mineral containing the vanadyl cation that illustrates its characteristic color. The vanadyl or oxovanadium(IV) cation, VO 2+, [1] is a functional group that is common in the coordination chemistry of vanadium. Complexes containing this functional group are characteristically blue and paramagnetic.
For example, the large anionic proteins in blood plasma are not permeable to capillary walls. Because small cations are attracted, but are not bound to the proteins, small anions will cross capillary walls away from the anionic proteins more readily than small cations. Thus, some ionic species can pass through the barrier while others cannot.
Calculating the anion gap is clinically useful because it helps in the differential diagnosis of a number of disease states. [citation needed] The total number of cations (positive ions) should be equal to the total number of anions (negative ions), so that the overall electrical charge is neutral.
Kohlrausch's evidence for this law was that the limiting molar conductivities of two electrolytes with two different cations and a common anion differ by an amount which is independent of the nature of the anion. For example, Λ 0 (KX) − Λ 0 (NaX) = 23.4 S cm 2 mol −1 for X = Cl −, I − and 1 / 2 SO 2− 4.
Because the heartbeat is dependent on the proper movement of ions across the surface membrane, cardiac channelopathies make up a key group of heart diseases. [3] Long QT syndrome , the most common form of cardiac channelopathy, is characterized by prolonged ventricular repolarization, predisposing to a high risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias ...
Additionally a range of polyoxovanadate ions exist which include discrete ions and "infinite" polymeric ions. [2] There are also vanadates, such as rhodium vanadate, RhVO 4 , which has a statistical rutile structure where the Rh 3+ and V 5+ ions randomly occupy the Ti 4+ positions in the rutile lattice, [ 3 ] that do not contain a lattice of ...