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A patient may be receiving blood due to any number of causes and may have heart or kidney dysfunction which can lead to excess fluid. Upon transfusion of the blood product, the patient is overwhelmed by the excess fluid and develops symptoms related to volume overload. [citation needed]
Hypervolemia, also known as fluid overload, is the medical condition where there is too much fluid in the blood. The opposite condition is hypovolemia, which is too little fluid volume in the blood. Fluid volume excess in the intravascular compartment occurs due to an increase in total body sodium content and a consequent increase in ...
Dialysis is an imperfect treatment to replace kidney function because it does not correct the compromised endocrine functions of the kidney. Dialysis treatments replace some of these functions through diffusion (waste removal) and ultrafiltration (fluid removal). [6] Dialysis uses highly purified (also known as "ultrapure") water. [7]
A special diet during the hospital stay that restricts sodium, potassium, and fluids in conjunction with the previously mentioned fluid restriction in an attempt to control symptoms of fluid overload. [40] Administration of diuretics if patient is showing signs of fluid overload.
Heart failure is usually associated with a volume overloaded state. Therefore, those with evidence of fluid overload should be treated initially with intravenous loop diuretics. In the absence of symptomatic low blood pressure intravenous nitroglycerin is often used in addition to diuretic therapy to improve congestive symptoms. [8]
Less frequently symptoms associated with the administration of certain pharmaceutical drugs have to be discounted. These drugs promote the retention of liquid in the extremities such as occurs with NSAIDs, some antihypertensive drugs, the adrenal corticosteroids and sex hormones. [41] Acute fluid overload can cause edema in someone with kidney ...
Shortness of breath due to extra fluid on the lungs (may also be caused by anemia) Polycystic kidney disease, which causes large, fluid-filled cysts on the kidneys and sometimes the liver, can cause: Pain in the back or side; Healthy kidneys produce the hormone erythropoietin that stimulates the bone marrow to make oxygen-carrying red blood ...
As the kidney function decreases, more unpleasant symptoms may emerge: [26] Blood pressure is increased due to fluid overload and the production of vasoactive hormones created by the kidney via the renin-angiotensin system, increasing the risk of developing hypertension and heart failure.