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  2. Industrial furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_furnace

    An industrial furnace, also known as a direct heater or a direct fired heater, is a device used to provide heat for an industrial process, typically higher than 400 degrees Celsius. [1] They are used to provide heat for a process or can serve as reactor which provides heats of reaction. Furnace designs vary as to its function, heating duty ...

  3. Thermal engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_engineering

    Many process plants use a wide variety of machines that utilize components that use heat transfer in some way. Many plants use heat exchangers in their operations. A thermal engineer must allow the proper amount of energy to be transferred for the correct use. Too much and the components could fail, too little and the system will not function ...

  4. Process heat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_heat

    According to the United States Department of Energy, in 2018 process heat accounted for approximately 50% of energy use in the manufacturing sector, as well as 30% of Greenhouse gas emissions. [1] Accordingly, it is the target of significant efforts to introduce new forms of carbon neutral or at least lower carbon process heat supplies.

  5. Energy recycling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_recycling

    Energy recycling is the energy recovery process of using energy that would normally be wasted, usually by converting it into electricity or thermal energy.Undertaken at manufacturing facilities, power plants, and large institutions such as hospitals and universities, it significantly increases efficiency, thereby reducing energy costs and greenhouse gas pollution simultaneously.

  6. Heat-transfer fluid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat-transfer_fluid

    Heat Capacity: A fluid’s heat capacity indicates how much thermal energy it can transport and store, impacting the efficiency of the heat transfer process. [ 2 ] Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity : These properties influence the rate at which heat is transferred through the fluid, affecting how quickly a system can respond to ...

  7. Pinch analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinch_analysis

    Pinch analysis is a methodology for minimising energy consumption of chemical processes by calculating thermodynamically feasible energy targets (or minimum energy consumption) and achieving them by optimising heat recovery systems, energy supply methods and process operating conditions.

  8. Thermoelectric generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_generator

    Cold-side heat removal with air: In air-cooled thermoelectric applications, such as when harvesting thermal energy from a motor vehicle's crankcase, the large amount of thermal energy that must be dissipated into ambient air presents a significant challenge. As a thermoelectric generator's cool side temperature rises, the device's differential ...

  9. Electric heating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_heating

    The heat pump uses an electric motor to drive a reversed refrigeration cycle, that draws heat energy from an external source such as the ground or outside air (or the interior of a refrigerator) and directs that heat into the space to be warmed (in case of a fridge, the kitchen). This makes much better use of electric energy than direct ...