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Material degradation often used in the recycling of materials, Sterilization of medical and pharmaceutical goods. [4] Nanotechnology is one of the fastest-growing new areas in science and engineering. Radiation is early applied tool in this area; arrangement of atoms and ions has been performed using ion or electron beams for many years.
Low emissivity (low e or low thermal emissivity) refers to a surface condition that emits low levels of radiant thermal (heat) energy. All materials absorb, reflect, and emit radiant energy according to Planck's law but here, the primary concern is a special wavelength interval of radiant energy, namely thermal radiation of materials.
Electron-beam machining is a process in which high-velocity electrons are concentrated into a narrow beam with a very high planar power density. The beam cross-section is then focused and directed toward the work piece, creating heat and vaporizing the material. Electron-beam machining can be used to accurately cut or bore a wide variety of metals.
Blackbody radiation is a concept used to analyze thermal radiation in idealized systems. This model applies if a radiating object meets the physical characteristics of a black body in thermodynamic equilibrium. [4]: 278 Planck's law describes the spectrum of blackbody radiation, and relates the radiative heat flux from a body to its temperature.
Infrared heating uses infrared lamps, commonly called heat lamps, to transmit infrared radiation to the body that is being heated. When a body with a large surface area needs to be heated, an array of infrared lamps is often used. The lamp commonly contains an incandescent bulb that produces infrared radiation.
An infrared heater or heat lamp is a heating appliance containing a high-temperature emitter that transfers energy to a cooler object through electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the temperature of the emitter, the wavelength of the peak of the infrared radiation ranges from 750 nm to 1 mm.
Another approach is to use an electron beam to melt welding wire onto a surface to build up a part. [15] This is similar to the common 3D printing process of fused deposition modeling, but with metal, rather than plastics. With this process, an electron-beam gun provides the energy source used for melting metallic feedstock, which is typically ...
In the study of heat transfer, radiative cooling [1] [2] is the process by which a body loses heat by thermal radiation.As Planck's law describes, every physical body spontaneously and continuously emits electromagnetic radiation.