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These are the first heart sound (S 1) and second heart sound (S 2), produced by the closing of the atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves, respectively. In addition to these normal sounds, a variety of other sounds may be present including heart murmurs , adventitious sounds , and gallop rhythms S 3 and S 4 .
Mortality is between 40–80% 10 years post-diagnosis. [9] The prognosis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) varies depending on the severity of the condition, the extent of heart muscle damage, and the response to treatment. Without treatment, ACM can progress to severe heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. [10]
Heart murmurs are unique heart sounds produced when blood flows across a heart valve or blood vessel. [1] This occurs when turbulent blood flow creates a sound loud enough to hear with a stethoscope. [2] The sound differs from normal heart sounds by their characteristics. For example, heart murmurs may have a distinct pitch, duration and timing.
Respiratory sounds, also known as lung sounds or breath sounds, are the specific sounds generated by the movement of air through the respiratory system. [1] These may be easily audible or identified through auscultation of the respiratory system through the lung fields with a stethoscope as well as from the spectral characteristics of lung sounds. [2]
With newer, non-invasive imaging techniques, the origin of other, so-called adventitial sounds or heart clicks has been appreciated. These are short, high-pitched sounds. [citation needed] The mitral valve in cases of mitral stenosis may open with an opening snap [1] [2] on the beginning of diastole.
It is sometimes misinterpreted as the sound of the person choking to death or gargling. Notably, death rattle is a separate phenomenon from agonal respiration , ataxic respiration , and Kussmaul respiration .
The three classic signs, known as Beck's triad, are low blood pressure, jugular-venous distension, and muffled heart sounds. [24] Other signs may include pulsus paradoxus (a drop of at least 10 mmHg in arterial blood pressure with inspiration), [12] and ST segment changes on the electrocardiogram, [24] which may also show low voltage QRS ...
Heart murmurs are sounds generated by blood flowing through the structures of the heart. The location of the Still's murmur on examination suggests resonation of blood in the left ventricular outflow tract and aorta, and this is supported by studies that have shown that the murmur is more intense over the aortic valve than the pulmonary valve. [4]