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Open-hearth steelmaking had superseded the Bessemer process in UK by 1900, but elsewhere in Europe, especially in Germany, the Bessemer and Thomas processes were used until the late 1960s when they were superseded by basic oxygen steelmaking. The last open-hearth furnace in former East Germany was stopped in 1993. In the US, steel production ...
In the 20th century, the US industry successively adopted the open hearth furnace, then the basic oxygen steelmaking process. Since the American industry peaked in the 1940s and 1950s, the US industry has shifted to small mini-mills and specialty mills, using iron and steel scrap as feedstock, rather than iron ore.
The new works included an open hearth Bessemer furnace; [110] [113] it was the first continuous open hearth Bessemer furnace west of the Allegheny Mountains [98] and only the fifth such furnace in the nation. [111] A 50-short-ton (45 t) stationary blast furnace and four 50-short-ton (45 t) rolling open hearth furnaces were also built.
Around Sheffield we always refer to Siemens Open Hearth Furnaces (used for making steel). The last ones were removed about 35 years ago. I don't think the air preheater article correctly describes the design and operation of the regenerators (honeycombs made of brick) used in the UK (I assume all others were similar). Probably better to ...
Siemens-Martin open hearth furnace. The process of refining steel in a hearth, as developed by Pierre-Émile Martin, consists of smelting a mixture of cast iron and scrap or ore, then refining it by decarburization, desulfurization and dephosphorization. This method makes it possible to produce fine and alloy steels by adding noble elements.
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Later applications included the blast furnace process known as hot blast and the open hearth furnace also called the Siemens regenerative furnace (which was used for making glass), where the hot exhaust gases from combustion are passed through firebrick regenerative chambers, which are thus heated. The flow is then reversed, so that the heated ...
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