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Central Administrative Tribunal was set up under Central Administrative Tribunal Act in the year 1985 with the main aim of resolving the grievances of Central and State Government employees concerning their service matters, as a speedy and effective remedy. [1] [2] Currently Central Administrative Tribunal has 33 benches across Indian cities. [3]
West Bengal Administrative Tribunal was established on 16 January 1995 at Bikas Bhavan, Salt Lake, Kolkata in the Indian state of West Bengal. The Tribunal was set up under the Administrative Tribunal Act, 1985 [3] for speedy disposal of cases relating to service matter of the employees and officers of the West Bengal Government.
In either case the act in question is the act of the executive. To talk of that act as the act of the sovereign savours of the archaism of past centuries. In reaching this conclusion I find myself in agreement with my noble and learned friends Lord Scarman and Lord Diplock whose speeches I have had the advantage of reading in draft since ...
The Administrative Procedure Act (APA), Pub. L. 79–404, 60 Stat. 237, enacted June 11, 1946, is the United States federal statute that governs the way in which administrative agencies of the federal government of the United States may propose and establish regulations, and it grants U.S. federal courts oversight over all agency actions. [2]
These proposals were put into practice with the passing of a package of federal statutes: the Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act 1975, [1] the Ombudsman Act 1976, [2] the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977, [3] and the Freedom of Information Act 1982. [4] Some of those have since been replicated in states and territories.
The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) is a quasi-judicial body in India that adjudicates issues relating to Indian companies. [1] The tribunal, established under the Companies Act 2013, was constituted on 1 June 2016 by the government of India and is based on the recommendation of the V. Balakrishna Eradi committee on law relating to the insolvency and the winding up of companies.
The ART was established by the Administrative Review Tribunal Act 2024 and commenced operations on 14 October 2024. The intention of creating the ART was to do so in response to recommendations by the Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee report on the performance and integrity of the administrative review system, published in March 2022. [8]
This principle must be observed by courts, tribunals, arbitrators and all persons or bodies having the duty to act judicially, save where their application is excluded expressly or by necessary implication. [52] The need for fair hearing is important as it forms a part of good procedure by reflecting a universal sense of fair play. [53]