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[8] [50] Subclinical hypothyroidism is estimated to affect approximately 2% of children; in adults, subclinical hypothyroidism is more common in the elderly, and in White people. [49] There is a much higher rate of thyroid disorders, the most common of which is hypothyroidism, in individuals with Down syndrome [ 30 ] [ 62 ] and Turner syndrome .
Levothyroxine, a drug used to treat hypothyroidism, can lead to reduced bone mass and density in older adults with normal thyroid levels, a small cohort study has shown.
Thyroid diseases are highly prevalent worldwide, [10] [11] [12] and treatment varies based on the disorder. Levothyroxine is the mainstay of treatment for people with hypothyroidism, [13] while people with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease can be managed with iodine therapy, antithyroid medication, or surgical removal of the thyroid ...
The thyroid system of the thyroid hormones T 3 and T 4 [1] Thyroid hormones are any hormones produced and released by the thyroid gland, namely triiodothyronine (T 3) and thyroxine (T 4). They are tyrosine-based hormones that are primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism. T 3 and T 4 are partially composed of iodine, derived from food. [2]
These hormones also regulate protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism, affecting how human cells use energetic compounds. In comparison to levothyroxine (T 4 ), liothyronine has a faster onset of action as well as a shorter biological half-life , which may be due to less plasma protein binding to thyroxine-binding globulin and transthyretin .
The system of the thyroid hormones T 3 and T 4 [10] T 3 and T 4 are carried in the blood, bound to plasma proteins. This has the effect of increasing the half-life of the hormone and decreasing the rate at which it is taken up by peripheral tissues. There are three main proteins that the two hormones are bound to.
Hormone-related health conditions, like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypothyroidism, as well as life seasons like menopause, can lead to hormonal changes that make losing weight more ...
Thyrotoxicosis: Over-supply with thyroid hormones, e.g. by overdosed exogenously levothyroxine supplementation. Low-T3 syndrome and high-T3 syndrome: Consequences of step-up hypodeiodination, e.g. in critical illness as an example for type 1 allostasis , [ 20 ] or hyperdeiodination, as in type 2 allostasis , including posttraumatic stress ...
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