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A count of the viral load is routine before the start of HIV treatment. [1] If the treatment is not changed, then viral load is monitored with testing every 3–4 months to confirm a stable low viral load. [1] Patients who are medically stable and who have low viral load for two years may get viral load counts every 6 months instead of 3. [1 ...
At this point, seroconversion, the development of antibodies, occurs and the CD4 T cell counts begin to recover as the immune system attempts to fight the virus, marking the HIV set point. The higher the viral load at the set point, the faster the virus will progress to AIDS; the lower the viral load at the set point, the longer the patient ...
A CD4 count does not check for the presence of HIV. It is used to monitor immune system function in HIV-positive people. Declining CD4 T-cell counts are considered to be a marker of progression of HIV infection. A normal CD4 count can range from 500 cells/mm3 to 1000 cells/mm3. In HIV-positive people, AIDS is officially diagnosed when the count ...
HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4 + T cells through a number of mechanisms, including pyroptosis of abortively infected T cells, [12] apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells, [13] direct viral killing of infected cells, and killing of infected CD4 + T cells by CD8 + cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells. [14]
HIV/AIDS has become a chronic rather than an acutely fatal disease in many areas of the world. [203] Prognosis varies between people, and both the CD4 count and viral load are useful for predicted outcomes. [32] Without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. [6]
Viral load is reported as copies of HIV RNA in a millilitre (mL) of blood. Changes in viral load are usually reported as a log change (in powers of 10). For example, a three log increase in viral load (3 log10) is an increase of 10 3 or 1,000 times the previously reported level, while a drop from 500,000 to 500 copies would be a three-log-drop ...
The progression of HIV infection is analyzed by measuring the concentration of HIV virions (or viral load) and the concentration of CD4 T cells in the patient's bloodstream and lymphoid tissues. An untreated infection will progress in the following phases: Acute phase, chronic phase, and AIDs phase.
Viral load testing provides more information about the efficacy for therapy than CD4 counts. [22] For the first 2 years of HIV therapy, CD4 counts may be done every 3–6 months. [22] If a patient's viral load becomes undetectable after 2 years then CD4 counts might not be needed if they are consistently above 500/mm 3. [22]
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