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Nonviolent resistance, or nonviolent action, sometimes called civil resistance, is the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, constructive program, or other methods, while refraining from violence and the threat of violence. [1]
In many cases, as for example in the United States during the American Revolution, [1] or in Norway in the Second World War, a resistance movement may employ both violent and non-violent methods, usually operating under different organizations and acting in different phases or geographical areas within a country. [2]
Sophie Scholl (1921–1943) – German student and Christian pacifist, active in the White Rose non-violent resistance movement in Nazi Germany Albert Schweitzer (1875–1965) – German-French activist against nuclear weapons and nuclear weapon testing whose speeches were published as Peace or Atomic War ; co-founder of The Committee for a ...
Nonviolent Revolutions came to the international forefront in the 20th century by the independence movement of India under the leadership of Gandhi with civil disobedience being the tool of nonviolent resistance. An important non-violent revolution was in Sudan in October 1964 which overthrew a military dictatorship.
Often there are problems in identifying a given campaign as successful or otherwise. In 2008 Maria J. Stephan and Erica Chenoweth produced a widely noted article on "Why Civil Resistance Works", the most thorough and detailed analysis (to that date) of the rate of success of civil resistance campaigns, as compared to violent resistance ...
The White Rose (German: Weiße Rose, pronounced [ˈvaɪsə ˈʁoːzə] ⓘ) was a non-violent, intellectual resistance group in Nazi Germany which was led by five students and one professor at the University of Munich: Willi Graf, Kurt Huber, Christoph Probst, Alexander Schmorell, Hans Scholl and Sophie Scholl.
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Some nonviolent groups, such as the Amish, meet many of the criteria associated with extremism, including a religiously motivated rejection of society, but are not typically associated with extremist ideas. [5] The act of self-immolation is considered extreme, but it is an act of violence that does not target the innocent as violent extremism ...