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Acetic anhydride, or ethanoic anhydride, is the chemical compound with the formula (CH 3 CO) 2 O. Commonly abbreviated Ac 2 O, it is the simplest isolable anhydride of a carboxylic acid and is widely used as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is a colorless liquid that smells strongly of acetic acid, which is formed by its reaction with ...
The worldwide production of acetic anhydride is a major application, and uses approximately 25% to 30% of the global production of acetic acid. The main process involves dehydration of acetic acid to give ketene at 700–750 °C. Ketene is thereafter reacted with acetic acid to obtain the anhydride: [50] CH 3 CO 2 H → CH 2 =C=O + H 2 O
Traditionally, acetaldehyde was mainly used as a precursor to acetic acid. This application has declined because acetic acid is produced more efficiently from methanol by the Monsanto and Cativa processes. Acetaldehyde is an important precursor to pyridine derivatives, pentaerythritol, and crotonaldehyde.
A common type of organic acid anhydride is a carboxylic anhydride, where the parent acid is a carboxylic acid, the formula of the anhydride being (RC(O)) 2 O. Symmetrical acid anhydrides of this type are named by replacing the word acid in the name of the parent carboxylic acid by the word anhydride. [2] Thus, (CH 3 CO) 2 O is called acetic ...
Acetylated wood is a type of modified wood that is produced through a chemical modification process and does not contain any toxic substances. [1] It produced from a chemical reaction (named as acetylation), involving acetic anhydride and a modification process to make wood highly resistant to biological attacks by fungi and wood-boring insects and durable to environmental conditions.
A major industrial route involves the reaction of acetaldehyde and acetic anhydride in the presence of a ferric chloride catalyst: [1] [2] CH 3 CHO + (CH 3 CO) 2 O → (CH 3 CO 2) 2 CHCH 3. It can be converted to the valuable monomer vinyl acetate by thermal elimination of acetic acid: (CH 3 CO 2) 2 CHCH 3 → CH 3 CO 2 CH=CH 2 + CH 3 CO 2 H
In the laboratory, it can be easily synthesized from anthranilic acid and acetic anhydride. N-Acetylanthranilic acid exhibits triboluminescence when crushed. [5] The fractured crystals have large electrical potentials between areas of high and low charge.
Aceturic acid can be prepared by warming glycine either with a slight excess of acetic anhydride in benzene, [2] or with an equal molar amount of acetic anhydride in glacial (concentrated) acetic acid. [3]