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GM crops are regulated under a national scheme by the Gene Technology Regulator, through the Gene Technology Act 2000. [66] As of 2022, there are four GM crops approved to be grown in Australia: cotton, safflower, carnations and canola. In particular, 99.5% of cotton growers in Australia use GM cotton. [67]
The grass can grow up to 145 cm tall with seed heads that can grow up to approximately 40 cm in length. Native millet is hermaphroditic, which means it contains both the male and female reproductive organs in the same flower. The seed head has an open panicle structure which consists of multiple small branches loosely clustered together.
They grow on pedicels 1 to 3 cm (3 ⁄ 8 to 1 + 3 ⁄ 16 in) long, and can range from 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) in length. [8] Each pod has two compartments separated by an inner central wall within which a row of seeds develops. [10] The seeds are round and have a diameter of 1.5 to 3 mm (1 ⁄ 16 to 1 ⁄ 8 in).
An edible seed [n 1] is a seed that is suitable for human or animal consumption. Of the six major plant parts, [ n 2 ] seeds are the dominant source of human calories and protein . [ 1 ] A wide variety of plant species provide edible seeds; most are angiosperms , while a few are gymnosperms .
Australia is also a centre of diversity for the Proteaceae, with woody, well-known genera such as Banksia, Dryandra, Grevillea, Hakea, the waratah and Australia's only commercial native food crop, the macadamia. Australia also has representatives of all three legume subfamilies. Caesalpinioideae is notably represented by Cassia trees.
Microlaena stipoides grows to a height of approximately 0.7 metres and produces delicate, drooping stalks of spikelets. [3] The naked caryopses (grains) are similar in shape to rice grains but smaller, approximately 5 mm long, with a mass that varies widely, ranging from 1 mg to 7 mg. [5] [6] [8] The grass grows best in acidic soils and is drought- and frost-tolerant. [9]
Alfalfa is a small-seeded crop and has a slowly growing seedling, but after several months of establishment, it forms a tough "crown" at the top of the root system. This crown contains shoot buds that enable alfalfa to regrow many times after being grazed or harvested.
Canary grass is a plant, Phalaris canariensis, belonging to the family Poaceae. Originally a native of the Mediterranean region, it is now grown commercially in several parts of the world for birdseed.